Clonal variation and stability assay of chimeric Pinot Meunier (Vitis vinifera L.) and descending sports

Abstract

This project studied the genetic variation of the periclinal grape chimera Pinot Meunier, its natural occurring mutations (loss of trichomes on leaf surfaces) and the German Pinot noir clone Samtrot. Eleven Pinot Meunier clones of French, Italian and foremost German origin, Pinot Meunier mutations of diVering ages and with various dispersions of hairless sectors as bud-, shoot-and complete vine mutations and six Samtrot clones were investigated with ampliWed fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites (SSRs). SSR-analysis proved chimerism of all Pinot Meunier clones tested and conWrmed identical genotype for all hairless mutations and Samtrot clones at the analyzed loci. Clonal variation was shown by AFLP-analysis yielding a total of 670 bands out of 18 primer combinations of which 161 were polymorphic. Pinot Meunier, Samtrot and the naturally occurring hairless Pinot Meunier mutations could be signiWcantly diVerentiated. Most of interclonal varying AFLP fragments (mean 1.5% per sample) originated within the groups of Samtrot or Pinot Meunier mutations, whereas intraclonal identity was highest within the Pinot Meunier clones. According to the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), variation among wild type and mutated Pinot Meunier leaf halves is signiWcantly smaller than between phenotypically identical Samtrot and Pinot Meunier mutants. Average gene diversity calculated on variability of loci reduced from Samtrot (0.040 § 0.023) towards Pinot Meunier (0.025 § 0.013) clones.

Ampelographic and Molecular Characterisation of Aglianico Accessions (Vitis vinifera L.) Collected in Southern Italy

“…This preliminary assay indicated the suitability of AFLP markers to distinguish among different cultivars, as reported by Vignani et al (2002), Labra et al (2004), Blaich et al (2007) and Stenkamp et al (2009). Ten different AFLP primer combinations produced 377 amplified fragments, of which 108 were polymorphic (mean = 10.8 + 4.39 bands per primer combination) (Table 4).…”

“…Imazio et al (2002) recommended AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) over the SSR approach when the goal is the definition of identity/diversity among different clones of the same variety, or among genetically closely related cultivars. Positive results in differentiating grapevine clones have been reported using AFLP markers (Vignani et al, 2002;Labra et al, 2004;Blaich et al, 2007;Stenkamp et al, 2009).…”

Trans-acting small interfering RNA4: key to nutraceutical synthesis in grape development?

“…14 that are targets of Vvi- TAS4b may control véraison, the seed maturation phase in grape berry development that coincides with transition from acid to sugar accumulation, production of volatiles and antioxidant tannic pigments, and breakdown of chlorophyll and methoxypyrazines. Circumstantial evidence for MYB genes controlling fruit and leaf development are the pleiotropic phenotypes of Pinot Meunier sport “Samtrot,” which has glabrous apices and leaves, a well-known phenotype caused by MYB mutations in many species [90], lower fruit set, lower yields, and higher sugar content than compared to Pinot Meunier or Pinot noir [100]. …”

Ampelographic and Genetic Characterization of Grapevine Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) of the ‘Mavroudia’ Group Cultivated in Greece

“…Although the molecular method AFLP has been successfully used for the identification and discrimination of grapevine cultivars and the determination of the degree of genetic similarity between varieties, clones and rootstocks (Vignani et al, 2002;Imazio et al, 2002;Fanizza et al, 2005;Blaich et al, 2007;Stenkamp et al, 2009;Alba et al, 2011;Anhalt et al, 2011;Meneghetti et al, 2012;Shinde et al, 2013), the combined use of the ampelographic description for the selection of the proper sample, especially in the case of heterogeneous groups of grapevine varieties, as is the 'Mavroudia' group, is deemed necessary.…”