Clonidin in der Kinderanästhesie

Abstract

Clonidine is a mixed alpha (2)-/alpha (1)- adrenoceptor agonist. It decreases sympathetic tone and increases parasympathetic tone, which results in a lowering of blood pressure and heart rate. It was introduced as an antihypertensive medication in the late sixties. Yet Clonidine also has a sedative effect due to alpha (2)-adrenoceptor stimulation in the locus coeruleus and antinociceptive action caused through postjunctional noradrenergic pathways in the brainstem and spinal cord. This analgesic property of Clonidine has raised broad interest in its beneficial use in anaesthesiology. In adults and pediatric anaesthesia, clonidine can be safely and effectively used for premedication, intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, postoperative shivering, and for analgo-sedation in intensive care. This article will consider possible indications of Clonidine in children's anaesthesia and intensive care medicine.

Effect of oral clonidine premedication on PR interval in patients undergoing rhinoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

“…[5][6][7] Apart from its hemodynamic effects, clonidine induces negative chronotropy, hypotension, 5,[8][9][10][11][12] and exhibits sedative properties through stimulation of α2-receptors in the central nervous system. [13][14] Administered orally, clonidine boasts rapid and nearly complete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, exhibiting 100% bioavailability. Its effects manifest within 30-60 min, reaching peak plasma concentration within 1-3 hours.…”

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24] Cardiovascular complications, including bradycardia, congestive heart failure, sinus node arrest, junctional bradycardia, high degree AV block, and arrhythmia, necessitate careful monitoring and, at times, medical intervention. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] While extant literature predominantly highlights clonidine's desired effects, a comprehensive exploration of its side effects is warranted. This study addresses this gap, focusing on the prevalence and severity of clonidine's side effects.…”