Cloning and analysis of the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galt) gene of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and correlation between gene expression and agar synthesis

Li, Min; Sui, Zhenghong; Kang, Kyoung-Ho; Zhang, Xuecheng; Zhu, Ming; Yan, Binlun

doi:10.1007/s10811-009-9435-8

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Meanwhile, G. edulis , which has a lower agar content, was found to have a lower gene expression level for GALT . Our results support the findings of Li et al. (2010), which suggested that high abundance of GALT transcripts may contribute to higher agar content of Gp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)¹

Siow

Teo

et al. 2011

Journal of Phycology

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Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) catalyzes the reversible conversion of glucose-1-phosphate and UDP-galactose to galactose-1-phosphate and UDP-glucose. This enzyme is also responsible for one of the biochemical steps that produce the precursors of agar and agarose. In this study, we report the molecular cloning and sequence analyses of a cDNA encoding GALT, from Gracilaria changii (B. M. Xia et I. A. Abbott) I. A. Abbott, J. Zhang et B. M. Xia, which constitutes a genus of seaweeds that supply more than 60% of the world's agar and agarose. We have subcloned this cDNA into a bacterial expression cloning vector and characterized the enzyme activities of its recombinant proteins in vitro. The GcGALT gene was shown to be up-regulated by salinity stresses. The abundance of transcripts encoding GcGALT was the highest in G. changii, followed by Gracilaria edulis and Gracilaria salicornia in a descending order, corresponding to their respective agar contents. Our findings indicated that GALT could be one of the components that determines the agar yield in Gracilaria species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Gross and Schnarrenberger (1995) have previously purified and characterized a GALT from a red alga, Galdieria sulphuraria . In addition, the genes encoding GALT have been cloned and characterized from Gracilaria gracilis (Lluisma and Ragan 1998) and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Li et al. 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)¹

Siow

Teo

et al. 2011

Journal of Phycology

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“…Prior to this hypothetical pathway, GALT and GME were individually verified to have a regulatory role on the content of agar. The cloning and structure analysis of GALT has been reported in Gracilaria gracilis ( Lluisma and Ragan, 1998 ) and Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis ( Li et al, 2010 ). The GALT and GME transcripts and enzyme activities were found to be highest in G. changii and lowest in G. salicornia , corresponding to their respective agar yields ( Siow et al, 2012 , 2013 ).…”

Section: Agarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective

Shao

Duan

2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Cell wall polysaccharides (CWPS) of seaweeds play crucial roles in mechanical shear resistance, cell-cell adhesion and the interactions with changeable marine environments. They have diverse applications in food, cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. The recent boost of multi-omics sequence analysis has rapidly progressed the mining of presumed genes encoding enzymes involved in CWPS biosynthesis pathways. In this review, we summarize the biosynthetic pathways of alginate, fucoidan, agar, carrageenan and ulvan in seaweeds referred to the literatures on published genomes and biochemical characterization of encoded enzymes. Some transcriptomic data were briefly reported to discuss the correlation between gene expression levels and CWPS contents. Mannuronan C-5 epimerase (MC5E) and carbohydrate sulfotransferase (CST) are crucial enzymes for alginate and sulfated CWPS, respectively. Nonetheless, most CWPS-relevant genes were merely investigated by gene mining and phylogenetic analysis. We offer an integrative view of CWPS biosynthesis from a molecular perspective and discuss about the underlying regulation mechanism. However, a clear understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and bioactivities of CWPS is limited, and reverse genetic manipulation and effective gene editing tools need to be developed in future.

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“…6 ), suggesting their putative roles in regulating the biosynthesis of agar precursors. The gene expression level of these two genes had been shown to correlate with the agar content in Gracilaria and Gracilariopsis samples 24 48 49 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome profiling of sulfate deprivation responses in two agarophytes Gracilaria changii and Gracilaria salicornia (Rhodophyta)

Lee

Namasivayam

Abdullah

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Seaweeds survive in marine waters with high sulfate concentration compared to those living at freshwater habitats. The cell wall polymer of Gracilaria spp. which supplies more than 50% of the world agar is heavily sulfated. Since sulfation reduces the agar quality, it is interesting to investigate the effects of sulfate deprivation on the sulfate contents of seaweed and agar, as well as the metabolic pathways of these seaweeds. In this study, two agarophytes G. changii and G. salicornia were treated under sulfate deprivation for 5 days. The sulfate contents in the seaweed/agar were generally lower in sulfate-deprivated samples compared to those in the controls, but the differences were only statistically significant for seaweed sample of G. changii and agar sample of G. salicornia. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of sulfate-deprivated and untreated seaweed samples revealed 1,292 and 3,439 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; ≥1.5-fold) in sulfate-deprivated G. changii and G. salicornia, respectively, compared to their respective controls. Among the annotated DEGs were genes involved in putative agar biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, carbon metabolism and oxidative stress. These findings shed light on the sulfate deprivation responses in agarophytes and help to identify candidate genes involved in agar biosynthesis.

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Cloning and analysis of the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galt) gene of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and correlation between gene expression and agar synthesis

Abstract: We report cloning and characterization of the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galt) gene from the multi-cellular agar-producing marine red alga Gracilariopsis (Gp.) lemaneiformis.

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)¹

MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)¹

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective

Transcriptome profiling of sulfate deprivation responses in two agarophytes Gracilaria changii and Gracilaria salicornia (Rhodophyta)

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Cloning and analysis of the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galt) gene of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and correlation between gene expression and agar synthesis

Abstract: We report cloning and characterization of the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (galt) gene from the multi-cellular agar-producing marine red alga Gracilariopsis (Gp.) lemaneiformis.

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)1

MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)1

The Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis in Seaweeds: A Molecular Perspective

Transcriptome profiling of sulfate deprivation responses in two agarophytes Gracilaria changii and Gracilaria salicornia (Rhodophyta)

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MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)¹

MOLECULAR CLONING AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE FROM GRACILARIA CHANGII (RHODOPHYTA)¹