Cloning and Characterization of a Gibberellin-Induced RNase Expressed in Barley Aleurone Cells1

Rogers, Sally W.; Rogers, John C.

doi:10.1104/pp.119.4.1457

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Besides ethylene, other plant hormones, like auxins and gibberellins, appear to be triggering agents for expression of several important genes. In relation to starch-metabolizing enzymes, the effects of GA 3 on a-amylase expression and secretion from the aleurone layer of cereals are well known (Rogers and Rogers 1999). However, there is lack of information for fruits, regarding starch-metabolizing enzymes and plant hormones during ripening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and expression of banana starch phosphorylases during fruit development and ripening

Mota

Cordenunsi

Nascimento

et al. 2002

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Two main forms of starch phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) were identified and purified from banana (Musa acuminata Colla. cv. Nanicão) fruit. One of them, designated phosphorylase I, had a native molecular weight of 155 kDa and subunit of 90 kDa, a high affinity towards branched glucans and an isoelectric point around 5.0. The other, phosphorylase II, eluted at a higher salt concentration from the anion exchanger, had a low affinity towards branched glucans, a native molecular weight of 290 kDa and subunit of 112 kDa. Kinetic studies showed that both forms had typical hyperbolic curves for orthophosphate (Pi) and glucose-1-phosphate, and that they could not react with substrates with a blocked reducing end or alpha-1,6 glucosidic bonds. Antibodies prepared against the purified type-II form and cross-reacting with the type-I form showed that there was an increase in protein content during development and ripening of the fruit. The changes in protein level were parallel to those of phosphorylase activity, in both the phosphorolytic and synthetic directions. Considering the kinetics, indicating that starch phosphorylases are not under allosteric control, it can be argued that protein synthesis makes a contribution to regulating phosphorylase activity in banana fruit and that hormones, like gibberellic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, may play a regulating role. For the first time, starch phosphorylases isoforms were detected as starch-granule-associated proteins by immunostaining of SDS-PAGE gels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and expression of banana starch phosphorylases during fruit development and ripening

Mota

Cordenunsi

Nascimento

et al. 2002

Planta

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“…In tomato, the strongest DELLA-independent induction by GA was on a ribonuclease (RNase) gene (Solyc05g007950.2, 15-fold change). A previous study in barley aleurone identified RNase as a GAinduced gene (Rogers and Rogers, 1999). Tomato GA-regulated genes include homologs of well-characterized Arabidopsis genes: GA downregulated, such as GA20ox, GID1, and SCL, and GA upregulated genes, such as GASA-like (GAST1) and EXPANSIN (Shi et al, 1992;Chen et al, 2001;Zentella et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering DELLA-Independent Gibberellin Responses by Characterizing New TomatoproceraMutants

et al. 2015

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Gibberellin (GA) regulates plant development primarily by triggering the degradation/deactivation of the DELLA proteins. However, it remains unclear whether all GA responses are regulated by DELLAs. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has a single DELLA gene named PROCERA (PRO), and its recessive pro allele exhibits constitutive GA activity but retains responsiveness to external GA. In the loss-of-function mutant pro DGRAS , all examined GA developmental responses were considerably enhanced relative to pro and a defect in seed desiccation tolerance was uncovered. As pro, but not pro DGRAS , elongation was promoted by GA treatment, pro may retain residual DELLA activity. In agreement with homeostatic feedback regulation of the GA biosynthetic pathway, we found that GA20oxidase1 expression was suppressed in pro DGRAS and was not affected by exogenous GA 3 . In contrast, expression of GA2oxidase4 was not affected by the elevated GA signaling in pro DGRAS but was strongly induced by exogenous GA 3 . Since a similar response was found in Arabidopsis thaliana plants with impaired activity of all five DELLA genes, we suggest that homeostatic GA responses are regulated by both DELLA-dependent and -independent pathways. Transcriptome analysis of GA-treated pro DGRAS leaves suggests that 5% of all GA-regulated genes in tomato are DELLA independent. INTRODUCTIONThe phytohormone gibberellin (GA) regulates numerous developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle, including seed germination, stem elongation, flowering, and fruit set (Yamaguchi, 2008). The signaling pathway from GA perception to transcriptional activation has been intensively studied over the past two decades and its major components have been identified. The nuclear DELLA proteins, a subgroup of the GRAS transcription factors family, suppress GA signaling (Locascio et al., 2013). GA binding to the soluble GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) receptor triggers GID1 interaction with the DELLA proteins (Ueguchi-Tanaka et al., 2005;Nakajima et al., 2006;Griffiths et al., 2006), which then stimulates assembly of the DELLA proteins into an SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex via the GID2/SLEEPY1 F-box proteins. The SCF complex polyubiquitinates the DELLA proteins, targeting them for destruction by the 26S proteosome (Sasaki et al., 2003;Dill et al., 2004;Griffiths et al., 2006;Harberd et al., 2009;Hauvermale et al., 2012). GA, via GID1, can also reduce DELLA activity through a degradation-independent mechanism (Ariizumi et al., , 2013Ueguchi-Tanaka et al., 2008).Despite the central role of DELLAs in GA signaling, the mechanism underlying this regulation is not fully understood. Several studies have shown that protein-protein interactions play a major role in DELLA function. DELLAs bind to various transcription factors and proteins affecting transcription, including PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), ALCATRAZ, MYC2, JASMONATE-ZIM-DOMAIN PROTEIN9, SCARECROW LIKE3 (SCL3), and TCP transcription factors (de Lucas et al., 2008;Feng et al., 2008;Arnaud et al., 2010;Ga...

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“…Secretion of RNases from the embryo and aleurone into the endosperm during germination (Barker et al, 1974;Rogers and Rogers, 1999) is thought to aid mobilization of stored RNA. The induction of S-like RNases by senescence in Arabidopsis (Taylor et al, 1993;Bariola et al, 1994) and tomato (Lers et al, 1998), and by phosphate (Pi) starvation in several plant species (Taylor et al, 1993;Bariola et al, 1994;Kö ck et al, 1995;Dodds et al, 1996) suggests a role in nutrient recycling that comprises scavenging Pi from RNA.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The ZEN1 nuclease was even demonstrated to be responsible for degradation of nuclear DNA during PCD of tracheary elements (Ito and Fukuda, 2002). RNases have been reported to be induced in PCD processes, such as tracheary element differentiation (Thelen and Northcote, 1989;Ye and Droste, 1996), aleurone cell death (Rogers and Rogers, 1999), and endosperm development (Young and Gallie, 2000). The PCD-associated RNases might be part of the death execution machinery or may be responsible for removal of RNA from the dying cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Suppression of LX Ribonuclease in Tomato Results in a Delay of Leaf Senescence and Abscission

et al. 2006

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Although present in different organisms and conserved in their protein sequence, the biological functions of T2 ribonucleases (RNase) are generally unknown. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) LX is a T2/S-like RNase and its expression is known to be associated with phosphate starvation, ethylene responses, and senescence and programmed cell death. In this study, LX function was investigated using antisense tomato plants in which the LX protein level was reduced. LX protein levels normally become elevated when leaves senesce and antisense inhibition of LX retarded the progression of senescence. Moreover, we observed a marked delay of leaf abscission in LX-deficient plants. This correlated with specific induction of LX protein in the tomato mature abscission zone tissue. LX RNase gene regulation and the consequences of antisense inhibition indicate that LX has an important functional role in both abscission and senescence.

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Cloning and Characterization of a Gibberellin-Induced RNase Expressed in Barley Aleurone Cells1

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Activity and expression of banana starch phosphorylases during fruit development and ripening

Activity and expression of banana starch phosphorylases during fruit development and ripening

Uncovering DELLA-Independent Gibberellin Responses by Characterizing New TomatoproceraMutants

Suppression of LX Ribonuclease in Tomato Results in a Delay of Leaf Senescence and Abscission

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