Cloning and Characterization ofiaaMandiaaHfromErwinia herbicolapathovargypsophilae

Clark, Elizabeth G.; Manulis, Shulamit; Ophir, Yakir; Barash, Isaac; Gafni, Yedidya

doi:10.1094/phyto-83-234

Cited by 93 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The cultures were grown for 8 to 24 h on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm. Following centrifugation of the cultures at 3,000 ϫ g, the pellets were suspended with 3 ml of STE (100 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl [pH 8.0], and 1 mM EDTA in diethyl pyrocarbonate-treated water), and hot phenol (65ЊC, 3 ml) was added. The tubes were placed diagonally in a linear shaker and incubated at 65ЊC for 10 min at 250 rpm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gypsophilae induces gall formation on Gypsophila plants (9), whereas other strains of E. herbicola generate galls on table beet also (7). This pathogen has been shown to possess genes specifying indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production (8) and a locus conferring cytokinin biosynthesis (17). These genes, encoding the phytohormones, are clustered on a native plasmid designated pPATH which is present only in pathogenic strains (17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These genes, encoding the phytohormones, are clustered on a native plasmid designated pPATH which is present only in pathogenic strains (17,18). Insertional inactivation of the IAA biosynthesis genes on pPATH resulted in smaller galls but did not eliminate their formation (8).…”

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The genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis in Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae: characterization and role in gall formation

et al. 1995

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A locus conferring cytokinin production was previously isolated from the gall-forming bacterium Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae. This locus resided in a cluster with the genes specifying indole-3-acetic acid production on the pathogenicity-associated plasmid pPATH ( Complementation of this marker exchange mutant with the intact etz gene on a multicopy plasmid resulted in overproduction of cytokinins and larger plant galls from which small shoots emerged. Insertional mutation in pre-etz resulted in a sharp decrease in both the level of the etz-specific transcript and cytokinin production. A frameshift mutation in pre-etz caused a similar reduction in the cytokinin level. A marker exchange mutation in pre-etz caused a reduction of symptoms but to a lower degree than the etz mutation. In the former mutant, cytokinin production and pathogenicity could not be restored by complementation. Furthermore, attempts to complement the etz marker exchange mutant with a plasmid containing an intact etz gene and a frameshift mutation in the pre-etz gene were unsuccessful. These results suggest that the mutations in pre-etz were trans dominant.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis in Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae: characterization and role in gall formation

et al. 1995

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“…However, production of IAA also occurs via the IAM pathway in pathogenic strains of E. herbicola (39), and reduced virulence of E. herbicola pv. gypsophilae was observed after insertional inactivation of the IAM pathway at either iaaM or iaaH (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

A mutation in the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affects growth in Phaseolus vulgaris and syringomycin production

Mazzola

White

1994

J Bacteriol

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Homologs of the genes for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis from Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi were retrieved from a genomic library of P. syringae pv. syringae, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Sequence relatedness between the P. syringae pv. syringae and P. syringae pv. savastanoi iaa operons is greater than 901% within the iaaM and iaaH loci but declines dramatically at a position approximately 200 bp 5' of the iaaM translation initiation codon. A third open reading frame was detected downstream of iaaH. Production of LIA was undetectable in mutant strain Y30-53.29, which was generated by transposition of TnS into the iaaM gene of P. syringae pv. syringae Y30. The IAA-deficient (LA-) mutant retained the ability to colonize the bean phylloplane and induced disease symptoms on bean which were similar to those produced by the parental strain. However, the population dynamics of the IAA-strain during the parasitic phase in leaves differed from those of both the parental strain and the mutant genetically restored for IAA biosynthesis. The mutant was capable of inducing disease symptoms when established in bean tissues at a lower initial cell density than either LIA-producing strain. Syringomycin biosynthesis by the IAA-strain was diminished in comparison with the parental strain or the mutant genetically restored for LIA production. The results indicate that bacterially derived IAA, or its biosynthesis, is involved in the regulation of in planta growth and in the expression of other factors that affect the host-pathogen interaction.The ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is widespread among soil and plant-associated microorganisms (17,25). Among phytopathogenic bacteria, production of IAA has been shown to play a causal role in the development of hyperplastic disease symptoms that are induced by certain species of bacteria. Production of IAA by plant cells after transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes is directed by the T-DNA genes and was shown to be a determinant for induction of hypertrophic plant growth after incorporation and expression within the host cells (1,51,55). These transformed plant cells produce IAA from L-tryptophan via the intermediate indole-3-acetamide (IAM). In this pathway, the enzyme tryptophan-2-monooxygenase catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to IAM, and the conversion of IAM to IAA is catalyzed by the enzyme indoleacetamide hydrolase. Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi also induces hyperplasia on its plant host, with symptoms varying from knots on oleander and olive to bark blisters and wart-like formations on ash (19). Induction of tumor formation by P. syringae pv. savastanoi on olive and oleander requires bacterial production of IAA (12, 49). As observed for crown gall cells, P. syringae pv. savastanoi produces IAA via the IAM pathway, and the genetic determinants for tryptophan-2-monooxygenase and indoleacetamide hydrolase (iaaM and iaaH, respectively) are part of an operon with iaaM promoter proximal (59). E...

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“…Its 135 kilobases contain a PAI of approximately 75 kb that carries a functional hrp-hrc gene cluster (68,78); six experimentally confirmed and active type III effectors that reduce or abolish virulence upon mutagenesis (15,45,57,68,83); and a cluster of genes encoding indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin (CK) biosynthetic enzymes (39,49,57). pPATH Pag and pPATH Pab share an identical replicon (86) and multiple diverse insertion sequences (ISs) (50,58), suggesting a common origin.…”

Section: Collaboration With Aro the Volcani Centermentioning

confidence: 99%

How Way Leads on to Way

Barash

2014

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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In this article, I briefly recount the historical events in my native country that led me to become a plant pathologist. I started as a field pathologist specializing in fungal diseases of legumes, moved to biochemical research on virulence factors, and then on to molecular plant-microbe interactions. I describe the impact my graduate studies at the University of California (UC)-Davis had on my career. My life's work and teaching can be said to reflect the development in plant pathology during the past 40 years. I have included a concise review of the development of plant pathology in Israel and the ways it is funded. Dealing with administrative duties while conducting research has contributed to my belief in the importance of multidisciplinary approaches and of preserving the applied approach in the teaching of plant pathology.

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Cloning and Characterization ofiaaMandiaaHfromErwinia herbicolapathovargypsophilae

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

The genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis in Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae: characterization and role in gall formation

The genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis in Erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae: characterization and role in gall formation

A mutation in the indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis pathway of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae affects growth in Phaseolus vulgaris and syringomycin production

How Way Leads on to Way

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