Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Cluster for Palatinose Metabolism from the Phytopathogenic Bacterium<i>Erwinia rhapontici</i>

Börnke, Frederik; Hajirezaei, Mohammad; Sonnewald, Uwe

doi:10.1128/jb.183.8.2425-2430.2001

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…4D) as described (Sonnewald, 1992). Maltose was measured from the same extracts with HPLC using the conditions exactly as described (Bö rnke et al, 2001). Starch accumulation in leaves was visualized by iodine staining (1% [w/v] I 2 , 2% [w/v] KI) after an extended dark period (16 h), and chlorophyll was removed by incubation in 80% (v/v) ethanol/10 mM EDTA at 55°C.…”

Section: Carbohydrate Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silver Lining of a Viral Agent: Increasing Seed Yield and Harvest Index in Arabidopsis by Ectopic Expression of the Potato Leaf Roll Virus Movement Protein

Kronberg¹,

Vogel²,

Rutten³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiol.

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Ectopic expression of viral movement proteins (MPs) has previously been shown to alter plasmodesmata (PD) function and carbon partitioning in transgenic plants, giving rise to the view of PD being dynamic and highly regulated structures that allow resource allocation to be adapted to environmental and developmental needs. However, most work has been restricted to solanaceous species and the potential use of MP expression to improve biomass and yield parameters has not been addressed in detail. Here we demonstrate that MP-mediated modification of PD function can substantially alter assimilate allocation, biomass production, and reproductive growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These effects were achieved by constitutive expression of the potato leaf roll virus 17-kD MP (MP17) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) in different Arabidopsis ecotypes. The resulting transgenic plants were analyzed for PD localization of the MP17:GFP fusion protein and different lines with low to high expression levels were selected for further analysis. Low-level accumulation of MP17 resulted in enhanced sucrose efflux from source leaves and a considerably increased vegetative biomass production. In contrast, high MP17 levels impaired sucrose export, resulting in source leaf-specific carbohydrate accumulation and a strongly reduced vegetative growth. Surprisingly, later during development the MP17-mediated inhibition of resource allocation was reversed, and final seed yield increased in average up to 30% in different transgenic lines as compared to wild-type plants. This resulted in a strongly improved harvest index. The release of the assimilate export block was paralleled by a reduced PD binding of MP17 in senescing leaves, indicating major structural changes of PD during leaf senescence.

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Section: Carbohydrate Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silver Lining of a Viral Agent: Increasing Seed Yield and Harvest Index in Arabidopsis by Ectopic Expression of the Potato Leaf Roll Virus Movement Protein

Kronberg¹,

Vogel²,

Rutten³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiol.

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“…Maltose was measured from the same extracts with HPLC using the conditions exactly as described by Bö rnke et al (2001).…”

Section: Determination Of Soluble Sugars and Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase Isoenzymes in Tobacco Reflects Their Functional Specialization during Dark-Governed Starch Mobilization in Source Leaves

Chen¹,

Hajirezaei²,

Börnke³

2005

Plant Physiology

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Sucrose (Suc)-phosphate synthase (SPS) plays a crucial role in the synthesis of Suc in photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues. Several isoforms of SPS exist in dicotyledonous plants that can be grouped into the different families A, B, and C. To explore whether functional differences between the SPS gene families might exist, we characterized a representative for each family from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). RNA-blot analysis revealed a distinct expression pattern for each of the three SPS genes. While the A-family member (NtSPSA) was found to be expressed in all tissues examined, expression of the B isoform (NtSPSB) was mainly confined to the reproductive organs and NtSPSC mRNA was exclusively detected in mature source leaves. We used RNA interference to assess the in planta function of NtSPSA and C. While silencing of NtSPSA had no detectable influence on leaf carbohydrate metabolism, reduction of NtSPSC led to an increase in leaf starch content by a factor of 3 to 8. Further analysis revealed that starch accumulation in NtSPSC-silenced plants was not due to an increased partitioning of carbon into starch, but rather showed that starch mobilization was impaired. The transgenic plants were unable to efficiently mobilize their transitory leaf starch during a prolonged period of darkness and accumulated maltose as a major intermediate of starch breakdown. NtSPSC mRNA level increased appreciably during the dark period while transcript levels of the other isoforms showed no diurnal changes. Together, these results suggest that NtSPSC is specifically involved in the synthesis of Suc during starch mobilization in the dark. The roles of the other SPS isoforms are discussed.

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“…As opposed hereto, lower temperatures favour the production of trehalulose. 19,25,40,45) From a kinetic point of view, a decrease in temperature reduces the reaction speed, thereby favouring tautomerization of trehalulose. 8) As concerns the optimal pH values of the majority of sucrose isomerases, these range between 6.0 and 7.0.…”

Section: Biochemical Properties Of Sucrose Isomerasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure/Function Relationships of Sucrose Isomerases with Different Product Specificity

et al. 2010

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Sucrose and its substitutes.Sucrose (α D glucopyranosyl 1,2 β D fructofuranoside), called table sugar, is the most common sugar produced and accumulated by plants. 1) Large quantities of the disaccharide accumulate in the edible parts of some plants. 2) Currently, sucrose is used in many agro alimentary products. Nevertheless, though this disaccharide is cheap and easily produced from sugar cane or sugar beets, it is highly caloric. It is well known that the quantity and the frequency of sucrose consumption may induce metabolic and pathologic effects. Indeed, sucrose is efficiently metabolized, thereby influencing the glycaemia of the body and promoting dental caries.3) In mammals, sucrose is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine and is hydrolysed into glucose and fructose. The ingestion of sucrose raises blood glucose and can cause problems for people suffering from defects in glucose metabolism, such as persons with hypoglycaemia or diabetes. These effects have stimulated the interest in finding other naturally occurring and synthetic sweeteners. Two parameters are critical for defining efficient sucrose substitutes; they should have nutritional qualities and not be harmful to the general health of the individual. 4) Many non or low cariogenic synthetic sugar substitutes are currently available and are found as ingredients in a variety of candies, drinks and diet food, and still novel compounds emerge. 5,6) The main sugar substitutes used to date are aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, and acésulfalme K. No sweetener is a perfect replacement for sucrose, the main limitation being their taste profiles. Moreover, sweeteners are among the most actively discussed additives because of their side effects on health, including dermatological problems, headaches, mood variations, respiratory difficulties, seizures and cancer. 7,8) Five different structural isomers of sucrose composed of glucose and fructose exist with inter glucosidic linkages being α 1,1 (trehalulose), α 1,3 (turanose), α 1,4 (maltulose), α 1,5 (leucrose) and α 1,6 (isomaltulose) as depicted in Fig. 1. These analogues are found in honey, sugar cane and other natural products in very low concentrations. Among these, isomaltulose is the sucrose analogue that has been most extensively studied.9 19) Isomaltulose ( α D glucopyranosyl 1,6 D fructofuranose ) , also known as palatinose, and trehalulose (α D glucopyranosyl 1,1 D fructopyranose) are natural and structural isomers of sucrose that have a sweet taste and very similar physical and organoleptic properties to sucrose. 20 22) Therefore they have been suggested as non cariogenic alternatives to sucrose and are widely used in health products and the food industry as e.g., soft drinks, chewing gums, cakes, candies, chocolate and toothpaste for isomaltulose and food and cosmetic products for trehalulose. 23)Isomaltulose and trehalulose properties and production. Isomaltulose and trehalulose possess sweetening powers of 30% and 70%, respectively, when compared to that of sucrose. 2,10,...

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Cloning and Characterization of the Gene Cluster for Palatinose Metabolism from the Phytopathogenic BacteriumErwinia rhapontici

Cited by 62 publications

References 29 publications

The Silver Lining of a Viral Agent: Increasing Seed Yield and Harvest Index in Arabidopsis by Ectopic Expression of the Potato Leaf Roll Virus Movement Protein

The Silver Lining of a Viral Agent: Increasing Seed Yield and Harvest Index in Arabidopsis by Ectopic Expression of the Potato Leaf Roll Virus Movement Protein

Differential Expression of Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase Isoenzymes in Tobacco Reflects Their Functional Specialization during Dark-Governed Starch Mobilization in Source Leaves

Structure/Function Relationships of Sucrose Isomerases with Different Product Specificity

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