Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Putative ABC Transporter Gene BgABC1 from the Biotrophic Pathogenic Fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici

Hu, Wenjing; Yan, Liang; Ma, Zhiyu

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01332.x

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , a putative ABC transporter (BgABC1) is involved in the protection of the fungus against fungicide toxicity [ 60 ]. Based on this, fungal ABC transporters may be a strategy by which the pathogen becomes resistant to fungicides or antifungal compounds produced by plants, thus favoring disease establishment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Mining for Conserved, Non-Annotated Proteins of Podosphaera xanthii Identifies Novel Target Candidates for Controlling Powdery Mildews by Spray-Induced Gene Silencing

Ruiz-Jiménez

Polonio

Vielba-Fernández

et al. 2021

JoF

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The powdery mildew fungus Podosphaera xanthii is one of the most important limiting factors for cucurbit production worldwide. Despite the significant efforts made by breeding and chemical companies, effective control of this pathogen remains elusive to growers. In this work, we examined the suitability of RNAi technology called spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) for controlling cucurbit powdery mildew. Using leaf disc and cotyledon infiltration assays, we tested the efficacy of dsRNA applications to induce gene silencing in P. xanthii. Furthermore, to identify new target candidate genes, we analyzed sixty conserved and non-annotated proteins (CNAPs) deduced from the P. xanthii transcriptome in silico. Six proteins presumably involved in essential functions, specifically respiration (CNAP8878, CNAP9066, CNAP10905 and CNAP30520), glycosylation (CNAP1048) and efflux transport (CNAP948), were identified. Functional analysis of these CNAP coding genes by dsRNA-induced gene silencing resulted in strong silencing phenotypes with large reductions in fungal growth and disease symptoms. Due to their important contributions to fungal development, the CNAP1048, CNAP10905 and CNAP30520 genes were selected as targets to conduct SIGS assays under plant growth chamber conditions. The spray application of these dsRNAs induced high levels of disease control, supporting that SIGS could be a sustainable approach to combat powdery mildew diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Mining for Conserved, Non-Annotated Proteins of Podosphaera xanthii Identifies Novel Target Candidates for Controlling Powdery Mildews by Spray-Induced Gene Silencing

Ruiz-Jiménez

Polonio

Vielba-Fernández

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…In the wheat powdery mildew B. graminis f. sp. tritici , a BgABC1 gene was related to the overexpression of the ABC transporter in seeds treated with the DMI fungicide triadimefon [ 81 ]. In relation to P. xanthii , there is no information about the correlation of ABC or MFS transporter expression and fungicide resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to the SDHI Fungicides Boscalid and Fluopyram in Podosphaera xanthii Populations from Commercial Cucurbit Fields in Spain

Vielba-Fernández

Polonio

Ruiz-Jiménez

et al. 2021

JoF

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Powdery mildew is caused by Podosphaera xanthii, and is one of the most important diseases that attacks Spanish cucurbit crops. Fungicide application is the primary control tool; however, its effectiveness is hampered by the rapid development of resistance to these compounds. In this study, the EC50 values of 26 isolates were determined in response to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides boscalid and fluopyram. From these data, the discriminatory doses were deduced and used for SDHI resistance monitoring during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Of the 298 isolates analysed, 37.9% showed resistance to boscalid and 44% to fluopyram. Although different phenotypes were observed in leaf disc assays, the resistant isolates showed the same phenotype in plant assays. Compared to sensitive isolates, two amino acid changes were found in the SdhC subunit, A86V and G151R, which are associated mostly with resistance patterns to fluopyram and boscalid, respectively. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in terms of fitness cost between the selected sensitive and resistant isolates analysed here. Lastly, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed to detect A86V and G151R mutations using conidia obtained directly from infected material. Our results show that growers could continue to use boscalid and fluopyram, but resistance management practices must be implemented.

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“…Examples include resistance to DMI, MBC, QoI and SDHI fungicides. In addition, the overexpression of the target gene due to the occurrence of mutations in promoter sequences and the participation of genes encoding drug efflux transporters (e.g., ATP-binding cassette) have also been described in DMI resistance [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. For other fungicides, such as aryl-phenyl-ketones, aza-naphthalenes, and hydroxy-(2-amino) pyrimidines, although the primary mode of action is known, the mechanisms involved in resistance have not been fully elucidated to date [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Fungicides the Main Anti-powdery Mildew Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi

et al. 2020

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Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) are among the most common and important plant fungal pathogens. These fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites that attack nearly 10,000 species of angiosperms, including major crops, such as cereals and grapes. Although cultural and biological practices may reduce the risk of infection by powdery mildew, they do not provide sufficient protection. Therefore, in practice, chemical control, including the use of fungicides from multiple chemical groups, is the most effective tool for managing powdery mildew. Unfortunately, the risk of resistance development is high because typical spray programs include multiple applications per season. In addition, some of the most economically destructive species of powdery mildew fungi are considered to be high-risk pathogens and are able to develop resistance to several chemical classes within a few years. This situation has decreased the efficacy of the major fungicide classes, such as sterol demethylation inhibitors, quinone outside inhibitors and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, that are employed against powdery mildews. In this review, we present cases of reduction in sensitivity, development of resistance and failure of control by fungicides that have been or are being used to manage powdery mildew. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to fungicides are also outlined. Finally, a number of recommendations are provided to decrease the probability of resistance development when fungicides are employed.

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Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Putative ABC Transporter Gene BgABC1 from the Biotrophic Pathogenic Fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Gene Mining for Conserved, Non-Annotated Proteins of Podosphaera xanthii Identifies Novel Target Candidates for Controlling Powdery Mildews by Spray-Induced Gene Silencing

Gene Mining for Conserved, Non-Annotated Proteins of Podosphaera xanthii Identifies Novel Target Candidates for Controlling Powdery Mildews by Spray-Induced Gene Silencing

Resistance to the SDHI Fungicides Boscalid and Fluopyram in Podosphaera xanthii Populations from Commercial Cucurbit Fields in Spain

Fungicide Resistance in Powdery Mildew Fungi

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