Cloning and functional analysis of mitogen‐activated protein kinases 6 gene in lettuce

Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) being a cool‐season crop can bolt if the temperatures increase above 20 °C. When lettuce bolts, the plants start the reproductive growth cycle. The improvement in resistance to high temperature bolting has been an important goal of lettuce breeding. This paper verified that Lactuca sativa mitogen‐activated protein kinases 6 (LsMAPK6) played an important role in high temperature bolting. The full‐length CDS of LsMAPK6 gene was amplified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and analyzed by bioinformatics software. The expression of LsMAPK6 was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The results showed that the length of LsMAPK6 was 1,182 bp, encoding 393 amino acids. The protein domain was STKc_TEY_MAPK and closely relevant to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), mouse‐ear cress [Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.], and chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). The qRT‐PCR showed that Lsmapk6 was mainly expressed in stem, stem apex, and taproot, and high temperature significantly promoted its expression. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology successfully silenced LsMAPK6 in lettuce, and the bolting of silenced lines was delayed under the action of high temperature and exogenous gibberellin. These suggest that LsMAPK6 plays an important role in promoting bolting. This study laid a foundation for further study on the function and regulation mechanism of MAPK6.

Activation of MAPK signaling pathway genes leads to promoted thermotolerance in a high-temperature adapted predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes)

“…MAPK signaling pathway has been known for its roles in stimulus signals transduction, including heat and cold stresses, and pathogen infections (Zhang & Storey 2017; Ding et al 2018; Zhan et al 2018; Muhammad et al 2019; Wang et al 2019; Su et al 2020). Compared with vertebrates and other higher invertebrates, the functions researches about the MAPK pathway genes in phytoseiid mites are far behind.…”

“…The MAPK signaling pathway is mainly composed of three subfamilies including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). It has been shown that adaptive responses to elevated temperature exposure by activation of JNK, p38 and ERK (Gourgou et al 2010; Wang et al 2019). Heat stress treatment (43°C) could significantly induce the phosphorylation of the JNK, p38 and ERK signal proteins, as well as increasing the production of HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) in rat small intestine (Hao et al 2018).…”

Agricultural sciences and the environment: Reviewing recent technologies and innovations to combat the challenges of climate change, environmental protection, and food security

“…Innovative studies using PCR analysis were made in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by T. Wang, Liu, et al (2022) and in Cyclocarya paliurus Iljinskaja, a special plant species grown at high elevation in southwestern China, by . The authors noted that GAPDH gene was identified as the best reference gene.…”