Cloning and functional characterisation of an enzyme involved in the elongation of Δ6‐polyunsaturated fatty acids from the moss <i>Physcomitrella patens</i>

Zank, T.; Zähringer, Ulrich; Beckmann, Christoph; Pohnert, Georg; Boland, Wilhelm; Holtorf, Hauke; Reski, Ralf; Lerchl, Jens; Heinz, Ernst

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01354.x

Cited by 106 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…However, plants possess both FAEtype and ELO-type elongases (6,35), the latter of which are presumably involved in sphingolipid synthesis as in yeast. However, the FAE pathway is unique to plants (6) and hence a favored herbicide target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific and differential inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases from Arabidopsis thaliana by different herbicides

Trenkamp

Martin²,

Tietjen³

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

221

220

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In higher plants, very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are the main constituents of hydrophobic polymers that prevent dessication at the leaf surface and provide stability to pollen grains. Of the 21 genes encoding VLCFA elongases (VLCFAEs) from Arabidopsis thaliana, 17 were expressed heterologously in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Six VLCFAEs, including three known elongases (FAE1, KCS1, and KCS2) and three previously uncharacterized gene products (encoded by At5g43760, At1g04220, and At1g25450) were found to be enzymatically active with endogenous yeast fatty acid substrates and to some extent with externally supplied unsaturated substrates. The spectrum of VLCFAs accumulated in expressing yeast strains was determined by gas chromatography͞mass spectrometry. Marked specificity was found among elongases tested with respect to their elongation products, which encompassed saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids 20 -30 carbon atoms in length. The active VLCFAEs revealed highly distinct patterns of differential sensitivity to oxyacetamides, chloroacetanilides, and other compounds tested, whereas yeast endogenous VLCFA production, which involves its unrelated elongase (ELO) in sphingolipid synthesis, was unaffected. Several compounds inhibited more than one VLCFAE, and some inhibited all six active enzymes. These findings pinpoint VLCFAEs as the target of the widely used K3 class herbicides, which have been in commercial use for 50 years, provide important clues as to why spontaneous resistance to this class is rare, and point to complex patterns of substrate specificity and product spectrum among members of the Arabidopsis VLCFAE family.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific and differential inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases from Arabidopsis thaliana by different herbicides

Trenkamp

Martin²,

Tietjen³

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

221

220

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“…Compared to higher plants, P. patens and other mosses possess high amounts of long PUFAs, whose profile is depending on the developmental stage of the plant (Beike et al 2014). This difference is based on the existence of several desaturases as well as elongases in moss which were lost in angiosperm evolution and catalyze alternative pathways in the biosynthesis of these fatty acids (Eiamsa-ard et al 2013;Girke et al 1998;Kaewsuwan et al 2006;Zank et al 2002).…”

Section: Moss Is Amenable To Fundamental Research In Cell Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Can mosses serve as model organisms for forest research?

Müller

Gütle

Jacquot

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

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& Key message Based on their impact on many ecosystems, we review the relevance of mosses in research regarding stress tolerance, metabolism, and cell biology. We introduce the potential use of mosses as complementary model systems in molecular forest research, with an emphasis on the most developed model moss Physcomitrella patens. & Context and aims Mosses are important components of several ecosystems. The moss P. patens is a well-established nonvascular model plant with a high amenability to molecular biology techniques and was designated as a JGI plant flagship genome. In this review, we will provide an introduction to moss research and highlight the characteristics of P. patens and other mosses as a potential complementary model system for forest research. & Methods Starting with an introduction into general moss biology, we summarize the knowledge about moss physiology and differences to seed plants. We provide an overview of the current research areas utilizing mosses, pinpointing potential links to tree biology. To complement literature review, we discuss moss advantages and available resources regarding molecular biology techniques. & Results and conclusion During the last decade, many fundamental processes and cell mechanisms have been studied in mosses and seed plants, increasing our knowledge of plant evolution. Additionally, moss-specific mechanisms of stress tolerance are under investigation to understand their resilience in ecosystems. Thus, using the advantages of model mosses such as P. patens is of high interest for various research approaches, including stress tolerance, organelle biology, cell polarity, and secondary metabolism.

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“…A number of P. patens genes have been isolated and disrupted successfully (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). In addition to these individual gene analyses, EST projects are ongoing, and P. patens is the most suitable moss for genetic comparisons with the flowering plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative genomics ofPhyscomitrella patensgametophytic transcriptome andArabidopsis thaliana: Implication for land plant evolution

Nishiyama

Fujita

Shin-I

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

324

266

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The mosses and flowering plants diverged >400 million years ago. The mosses have haploid-dominant life cycles, whereas the flowering plants are diploid-dominant. The common ancestors of land plants have been inferred to be haploid-dominant, suggesting that genes used in the diploid body of flowering plants were recruited from the genes used in the haploid body of the ancestors during the evolution of land plants. To assess this evolutionary hypothesis, we constructed an EST library of the moss Physcomitrella patens, and compared the moss transcriptome to the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. We constructed full-length enriched cDNA libraries from auxin-treated, cytokinin-treated, and untreated gametophytes of P. patens, and sequenced both ends of >40,000 clones. These data, together with the mRNA sequences in the public databases, were assembled into 15,883 putative transcripts. Sequence comparisons of A. thaliana and P. patens showed that at least 66% of the A. thaliana genes had homologues in P. patens. Comparison of the P. patens putative transcripts with all known proteins, revealed 9,907 putative transcripts with high levels of similarity to vascular plant genes, and 850 putative transcripts with high levels of similarity to other organisms. The haploid transcriptome of P. patens appears to be quite similar to the A. thaliana genome, supporting the evolutionary hypothesis. Our study also revealed that a number of genes are moss specific and were lost in the flowering plant lineage.

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Cloning and functional characterisation of an enzyme involved in the elongation of Δ6‐polyunsaturated fatty acids from the moss Physcomitrella patens

Cited by 106 publications

References 67 publications

Specific and differential inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases from Arabidopsis thaliana by different herbicides

Specific and differential inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases from Arabidopsis thaliana by different herbicides

Can mosses serve as model organisms for forest research?

Comparative genomics ofPhyscomitrella patensgametophytic transcriptome andArabidopsis thaliana: Implication for land plant evolution

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