Esterase and lipase have been consisted of α/β hydroxylase super family that characterized primarily by their α/β hydroxylase fold (common fold), which is in the center, pre-dominantly parallel β-sheet and flanked via the connections of α-helical. Nucleophilic elbow is an esterases and lipases that shared the characteristic sequence motifs (GXSXG
I. Lipase and Esterase DefinitionEstarase and lipase are cosisted of α/β hydroxylase super famliy that characterized primarily by their α/β hydroxylase fold (common fold), which is in the center, pre-dominantly parallel β-sheet and flanked via the connections of α-helical. Nucleophilic elbow is esterases and lipases that shared the characteristic sequence motifs (GXSXG) [1,2]. This motif is embeded by serine, and the mediation of ester hydrolysis by attacking the nucleophilic of serine active on the substrate carbonyl in the system of a charge relay with other two residues of amino acid (histidine and aspartic acid) [1]. The residues of these amino acids compose a triad of catalyse in the specific-order (serine -aspartic acid -histidine) in the chain of polypeptide [3][4][5][6]. Forthat, the most of lipases and esterases resemble serine-proteases and lipases in hydrolytic mechanims. Esterases (EC 3.1.1.1), as well as lipases (EC 3.1.1.3)are the versatile classes of biocatalysts due to their region-, enatio-selectivity and high specificity. Esterases are those that can catalyze the hydrolysis of less than 10 short-acyl-chain-lengthed triglycerides, whereas, lipases are catalysts that can hydrolyze more than 10 long-acyl-chain-lengthed triglycerides. Studies of the structure displayed that the presene or absence of lid structure caused the diffrentiation between esterases and lipases and responsible for lipase interfacial activation [4][5][6][7]. Life kindoms has a widely distribution from esterase and lipases.In a widly ranging from organisms, esterases and lipases have been identified and cloned severel of them. Acinetobacter [8,9], Bacillus [10,11] and Pseudomonas [12,13] are examples from various microbial strains that possess identifing and cloning of esterases and lipases. The studies have been reported that, metal ions and organic solvent resistance related to microbial esterases and lipases [14]. Thus, they should be catalysis effeceintly in organic synthisis for an enantio-and regionselective reactions, among the groups biocatalysis that have been the most important in biotechnology. The optically pure substances in organic synthesis have been used esterases and lipases successfully.
II. Lipase applicationLipases applications can be widely produced from a bacterial and fungal production. In fact, they have stability in organic solvent wide range and many present high thermostabilities, they have optimal range of temperature and wider pH than eukaryotic origin lipases, and have a high diverse range of substrate with high enantio-and regioselectivity making an important microbial lipases and attractive choice in organic synthesis for many applications. Li...