Cloning of a gene (RIG-G) associated with retinoic acid-induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells and representing a new member of a family of interferon-stimulated genes

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Identification and expression analysis of two IFN-inducible genes in crucian carp (Carassius auratus L.)

“…For a long time this family genes have been identified just in mammals, including human IFI60, IFI58, IFI56, IFI54, hamster IFI54, mouse homologues GARG-16, GARG-39 and GARG49/IRG2, and rat homologues GARG-16 (Levy et al, 1986;Lee et al, 1994;Smith and Herschmann, 1996;Niikura et al, 1997;Yu et al, 1996;de Veer et al, 1998, Kitamura et al, 2001. TPR motifs are characterized as 34 loosely conserved residues that are classified into two subdomains containing the hydrophobic residues particularly conserved at the consensus sites 4-7-8-11 and 20-24-27-32 (Smith and Herschmann, 1996;Das et al, 1998), and may be dispersed throughout the protein sequence.…”

“…Studies on the genomic structure for human IFI60, IFI54 and IFI56, mouse IFI54 and IFI56, hamster IFI54 showed that they are all composed of a small first exon and the second exon that contains all ORF except the ATG start codon and two nucleotides of the second codon (Levy et al, 1986, Wathelet et al, 1988Bluyssen et al, 1994;Yu et al, 1996, de Veer et al, 1998). In the current study, both IFIT family members are identified in crucian carp, and one pufferfish member has been found by search of pufferfish genome database, demonstrating that IFIT family genes exist in fish, too.…”

“…Although all mammalian IFIT members have a simple promoter with two adjacent ISRE motifs (de Veer et al, 1998), several agents, including IFN, dsRNA, LPS, virus infection and retinoic acid (Lee et al, 1994;Yu et al, 1996;Niikura et al, 1997;Guo et al, 2000b), can induce their expression. IFI56 is the most strongly induced gene among all ISGs (Der et al, 1998) and displays diverse activated pathway by different stimuli (Guo et al, 2000b;Peters et al, 2002;Grandvaux et al, 2002).…”

“…Indeed, human IFI56 mRNA was noted to be the most abundant IFN-induced mRNA in a gene array analysis (Der et al, 1998). IFI56 belongs to IFIT (for IFN-inducible proteins with TPR domain) family, other three members of which, IFI54 (ISG54K), IFI58 (IFN-inducible and retinoic acidinducible 58k, RI58) and IFI60 (RIG-G, ISG60) (Levy et al, 1986;Yu et al, 1996;de Veer et al, 1998;Niikura et al, 1997), have also been identified in several mammalian species. These genes encode structurally related proteins, which contain multiple tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains that are a loosely conserved 34-amino acid residue repeat unit involved in specific protein -protein interactions (Lamb et al, 1995;Das et al, 1998).…”

Expression patterns of the JEM-1 gene in normal and tumor cells: ubiquity contrasting with a faint, but retinoid-induced, mRNA expression in promyelocytic NB4 cells

“…The PCR-based differential display of cDNA 38 is a powerful approach to identify novel genes that are directly or indirectly regulated after RA stimulation. Using this method, several novel genes have been identified during NB4 cell maturation, including RIG-E, 42 RIG-G 43 and JEM-1. 44 It will be important to characterize the common denominator in the expression of these genes: are they a direct target of RA or controlled by distinct signalling?…”