Cloning of canine Toll-like receptor 9 and its expression in dog tissues

Hashimoto, Masashi; Asahina, Yuka; Sano, Junichi; Kano, Rui; Moritomo, Tadaaki; Hasegawa, Atsuhiko

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.01.010

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Complete cDNA sequences are available only for TLR2, 4, and 9 (Asahina et al 2003;Hashimoto et al 2005;Ishii et al 2006). Compared with human TLR genes, the nucleotide homology is between 65 and 77% (TLR4) or 88% (TLR2, 9).…”

Section: Dogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptors in domestic animals

et al. 2010

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Toll-like receptors are pattern recognition receptors with which hosts recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). This recognition process is translated rapidly into a meaningful defense reaction. This form of innate host defense is preserved in the animal kingdom: invertebrates heavily depend on it; higher vertebrates also have an adaptive immune system. Both adaptive and innate immune systems are intertwined in that the former also depends on an intact innate recognition and response system. Members of the TLR system cover recognition of parasitic, bacterial or viral germs. Due to the constraints imposed by the necessity to recognize PAMP and to interact with downstream signaling molecules, the TLR system is relatively conserved in evolution. Nevertheless, subtle species differences have been reported for several mammalian TLR members. Examples of this will be given. In all mammalian species investigated, part of the coding sequence is available for the most important TLR members, thus allowing study of expression of these TLR members in various tissues by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in its classical (RT-PCR) and quantitative real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) form. In some species, the whole coding sequences of the most important or even all TLR members are known. This allows construction of cDNA and transfection of common host cells, thus permitting functional studies. Extensive investigations were devoted to the study of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms. In a few cases, expression of a given amino acid in the extracellular (ligand-binding) portion of TLR members could be associated with infectious diseases. This will be discussed below.

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Section: Dogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptors in domestic animals

et al. 2010

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“…Using a similar argument, it could also be reasoned that TLR9, which recognises CpG-DNA (bacterial DNA), might also be expected to be widely expressed at mucosal sites. It is then perhaps surprising that TLR9 mRNA was not 284 C. Stokes, N. Waly detected in the lung or small and large intestine [33]. The observed differences in the tissue distribution of TLR's may be a reflection of their cellular localisation, for whilst TLR4 is expressed on the cell surface, TLR9 is confined to the endosomal compartment [35].…”

Section: Enterocytes In Mucosal Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal defence along the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs

Stokes

Waly

2006

Vet. Res.

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-Diseases that are associated with infections or allergic reactions in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are major causes of morbidity in both cats and dogs. Future strategies for the control of these conditions require a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the induction and regulation of responses at the mucosal surfaces. Historically, the majority of the fundamental studies have been carried out in rodents or with tissues obtained from man, but the expanding range of reagents available for the study of farm and companion animals provides opportunities for study in a wider range of animals including cats and dogs. To date, these studies have tended to be focussed on characterising the cellular distributions in healthy animals and in groups of cats and dogs identified as having an increased risk of mucosal disturbance. Where species comparisons of mucosal immune systems have been made, the results have tended to be divided between monogastric and ruminant animals. It is then not surprising that the mucosal immune systems of both cats and dogs bear greatest similarity to that documented for man and pigs.

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“…TLRs are an ancient pattern recognition system central for signaling in innate immunity [6] . TLR2 expression has been reported in canine blood phagocytes [9] , and TLR4 and TLR9 have been identified in selected dog tissues [8,10,26] . To date, no study has reported on TLR expression in the dog heart.…”

Section: Tlr4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the full-length cDNA for TLR4 was cloned in dogs and cats [8] , and TLR2 expression has been identified in canine blood phagocytes [9] . Furthermore, the expression of TLR9 has been investigated in canine tissues [10] , and TLR expression has been reported in feline lymphoid tissues [11] . Additional studies have been conducted pertaining to TLR expression in other domestic animals, and TLRs have thus been identified in various organs of different species [12][13][14][15][16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 Gene Expression in Canine Heart

Linde¹,

Blecha²,

Melgarejo³

2007

American J. of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are archetypal pattern recognition receptors of immediate importance for an efficacious innate immune response. TLRs exhibit marked differential tissue activity and their levels within a discrete cell type can be highly dynamic. Of 13 known mammalian paralogues, three TLRs have been identified in the dog. Although cardiac TLR expression has been reported in other species, this study is the first to present evidence that these innate immune receptors are expressed in the canine heart. Heart tissue samples from all four chambers were collected from healthy dogs immediately after euthanasia and stored at -80ºC until analysis. Total RNA was extracted with TRI Regent. Specific primers were designed for amplification of canine TLR2 and TLR4 based on previously reported sequences for these genes. Reverse transcription was performed with M-MLV reverse transcriptase. PCR amplification was performed and PCR products analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Bands were excised from the gel and the DNA isolated and cloned using the TA Cloning ® Kit. The correct sequence for each product was verified by nucleotide sequencing. TLR4 expression was detected in the left ventricle and right atrium; TLR2 was detectable at low levels in the right atrium only. Identity of the RT-PCR products was confirmed by sequencing. Our findings show that at least two TLR paralogues -namely TLR2 and TLR4 -are expressed in the canine heart. Additional studies are warranted to determine these immune receptors' potential implication in the development of naturally occurring heart disease in the dog.

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Cloning of canine Toll-like receptor 9 and its expression in dog tissues

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Toll-like receptors in domestic animals

Toll-like receptors in domestic animals

Mucosal defence along the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 Gene Expression in Canine Heart

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