Cloning of chlorophyllase, the key enzyme in chlorophyll degradation: Finding of a lipase motif and the induction by methyl jasmonate

Tsuchiya, T.; Ohta, Hiroyuki; Okawa, Katsuya; Iwamatsu, Akihiro; Shimada, Hiroshi; Masuda, Tatsuru; Takamiya, Ken-ichiro

doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15362

Cited by 295 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In agreement with this, chlorophyllase, which hydrolyzes phytol from Chl, was believed to be active during senescence-related Chl breakdown (Takamiya et al 2000). Chlorophyllase genes (CLH) were cloned from different species including Arabidopsis and in all cases chlorophyllase activity could indeed be demonstrated with the recombinant enzymes (Tsuchiya et al 1999;JakobWilk et al 1999;Arkus et al 2005;Tang et al 2004;Chen et al 2008). Some of the cloned CLHs were predicted to localize outside the chloroplast, i.e.…”

Section: Mg-dechelation and Dephytylationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

2012

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In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multi-step pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past. Abstract In land plants, chlorophyll is broken down to colorless linear tetrapyrroles in a highly conserved multistep pathway. The pathway is termed the 'PAO pathway', because the opening of the chlorine macrocycle present in chlorophyll catalyzed by pheophorbide a oxygenase (PAO), the key enzyme of the pathway, provides the characteristic structural basis found in all further downstream chlorophyll breakdown products. To date, most of the biochemical steps of the PAO pathway have been elucidated and genes encoding many of the chlorophyll catabolic enzymes been identified. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biochemistry of the PAO pathway and provides insight into recent progress made in the field that indicates that the pathway is more complex than thought in the past.

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Section: Mg-dechelation and Dephytylationmentioning

confidence: 84%

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

2012

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“…However, their molecular identification in 1999 (Jacob-Wilk et al, 1999;Tsuchiya et al, 1999) was puzzling, since, in contrast with the predicted localization within plastid membranes, some of the cloned CLHs were suggested to localize extraplastidically and all of the identified genes encoded predicted soluble rather than membrane-localizing proteins (Takamiya et al, 2000;Hörtensteiner, 2006). Several reports that address the subcellular localization of CLHs have been published with conflicting results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Different Mechanisms Are Responsible for Chlorophyll Dephytylation during Fruit Ripening and Leaf Senescence in Tomato

et al. 2014

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Chlorophyll breakdown occurs in different green plant tissues (e.g. during leaf senescence and in ripening fruits). For different plant species, the PHEOPHORBIDE A OXYGENASE (PAO)/phyllobilin pathway has been described to be the major chlorophyll catabolic pathway. In this pathway, pheophorbide (i.e. magnesium-and phytol-free chlorophyll) occurs as a core intermediate. Most of the enzymes involved in the PAO/phyllobilin pathway are known; however, the mechanism of dephytylation remains uncertain. During Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf senescence, phytol hydrolysis is catalyzed by PHEOPHYTINASE (PPH), which is specific for pheophytin (i.e. magnesium-free chlorophyll). By contrast, in fruits of different Citrus spp., chlorophyllase, hydrolyzing phytol from chlorophyll, was shown to be active. Here, we enlighten the process of chlorophyll breakdown in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), both in leaves and fruits. We demonstrate the activity of the PAO/phyllobilin pathway and identify tomato PPH (SlPPH), which, like its Arabidopsis ortholog, was specifically active on pheophytin. SlPPH localized to chloroplasts and was transcriptionally up-regulated during leaf senescence and fruit ripening. SlPPH-silencing tomato lines were impaired in chlorophyll breakdown and accumulated pheophytin during leaf senescence. However, although pheophytin transiently accumulated in ripening fruits of SlPPH-silencing lines, ultimately these fruits were able to degrade chlorophyll like the wild type. We conclude that PPH is the core phytol-hydrolytic enzyme during leaf senescence in different plant species; however, fruit ripening involves other hydrolases, which are active in parallel to PPH or are the core hydrolases in fruits. These hydrolases remain unidentified, and we discuss the question of whether chlorophyllases might be involved.

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“…In general, photosynthetic pigments either decrease significantly after exposure to Cu (Maksymiec and Baszyński 1996b) or no effect is observed (Burzyński and _ Zurek 2007); however, we indicated that Cu increased Chl accumulation, which is in agreement with the results obtained at 80-lM Cu supplementation (Maksymiec and Baszyński 1996b) and 100-lM Cu treatment (Fatima et al 2011). In our research, MJ without metal supplementation did not alter the pigment content, although JA treatment can result not only in Chl reduction as a consequence of induction of the chlorophyllase gene (Tsuchiya et al 1999), but also in Rubisco subunit reduction (Rakwal and Komatsu 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of methyl jasmonate on selected physiological parameters of copper-treated Phaseolus coccineus plants

2015

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Phaseolus coccineus plants in the early growth stage were preincubated with 10 -5 M methyl jasmonate (MJ) for 1 or 24 h and subsequently transferred to a Hoagland solution or treated with 50 or 100 lM copper (Cu). After 6-day exposure to the metal, plant growth, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, the content of Cu and photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assayed. Generally, under Cu excess, MJ did not modulate growth parameters such as leaf area, root growth, shoot and root fresh weight, and the shoot/root fresh weight ratio. The content of chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids increased with the increasing Cu content in the leaves. However, a correlation between the reduction of the leaf area and the lower content of the three photosynthetic pigments for 24-h MJ ? 100-lM Cu treatment compared with metal alone was noted. The decrease in the Cu concentration was MJ-dependent only after 1-h MJ ? 50-lM Cu treatment in leaves and after 24-h MJ ? 100-lM Cu treatment in roots. Chlorophyll fluorescence was a weak indicator of the effect induced by MJ in Cu excess, and the most spectacular increase was observed for 1-h and 24-h MJ ? 50 lM Cu in the LNU and for 1-h MJ ? 50 lM Cu in the NPQ parameter. These results suggested a lack of a clear pattern for MJ altering the Cu stress in the runner bean plants. The most important finding was that photosynthesis seemed to be quite resistant to Cu stress and slight modifications in chlorophyll fluorescence were accompanied by significant changes in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, and metal content in the plant. The results obtained may have been strongly related to the plant growth stage, as the measured parameters transform greatly during plant growth and development.

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Cloning of chlorophyllase, the key enzyme in chlorophyll degradation: Finding of a lipase motif and the induction by methyl jasmonate

Cited by 295 publications

References 49 publications

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

Update on the biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown

Different Mechanisms Are Responsible for Chlorophyll Dephytylation during Fruit Ripening and Leaf Senescence in Tomato

The effect of methyl jasmonate on selected physiological parameters of copper-treated Phaseolus coccineus plants

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