5a-R isozymes (types 1 and 2) play an important role in prostate gland development because they are responsible for intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels when the physiological serum testosterone (T) concentration is low. In this study, we synthesized seven novel dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives with benzimidazol moiety at C-17, and determined their effect on the activity of 5a-reductase types 1 and 2. The derivatives with an aliphatic ester at C-3 of the dehydroepiandrosterone scaffold induced specific inhibition of 5a-R1 activity, whereas those with a cycloaliphatic ester (cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl ring) or an alcohol group at C-3 inhibited the activity of both isozymes. Derivatives with a cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl ester at C-3 showed no inhibitory activity. In pharmacological experiments, derivatives with esters having an alcohol or the aliphatic group or one of the three smaller cycloaliphatic rings at C-3 decreased the diameter of male hamster flank organs, with the cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl esters exhibiting higher effect. With exception of the cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl esters, these compounds reduced the weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles.Keywords 5a-R isoenzyme, benign prostatic hyperplasia, dehydroepiandrosterone benzimidazolyl derivative, hamster flank organ, prostate gland History