Cloning, pharmacological characterization and distribution of a novel galanin receptor

The regulative effect of galanin family members on link of energy metabolism and reproduction

“…GalR2 was first isolated from the brains of rats [45], subsequently from the spleens of mice [127] and other tissues of human beings [18]. GalR2 is mainly expressed in the hypothalamus, the cortex, the hippocampus, the amygdala, the cerebellum, dorsal root ganglia and other organs [93].…”

Galanin: Neurobiologic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential for Alzheimer's Disease

“…For example, in situ hybridization studies have demonstrated both GALR1 and GALR2 mRNA in hippocampus. However, GALR1 mRNA is concentrated in the CA1 region and subiculum, whereas GALR2 appears confined to the dentate gyrus (77,114; see also 30). In addition, GALR2 mRNA is found in rat neocortex and the cingulate complex, areas devoid of GALR1 message (24,77).…”

“…This discovery was followed by the cloning of rat and mouse GALR1 homologs (13,50). GALR2 and GALR3 subtypes have been isolated from humans and rodents (7,29,30,46,54,82,96,97,105). GALR1 has a different intron/exon pattern compared to GALR2 and GALR3 (48,54), pointing to at least two divergent paths for GALR evolution.…”

An elevated level of circulating galanin promotes developmental expression of myelin basic protein in the mouse brain

“…It has also been suggested that GAL plays a role in neurogenesis, specifically in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (Agasse et al, 2013) and that GAL acts as a growth and survival factor O'Meara et al, 2000;Elliott-Hunt et al, 2004;Butzkueven and Gundlach, 2010) for various neurons (Shen et al, 2003) and oligodendrocytes (Habert-Ortoli et al, 1994;Ubink et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2012). GAL acts through the three receptor subtypes GalR1, GalR2 and GalR3 (Habert-Ortoli et al, 1994;Fathi et al, 1997;Howard et al, 1997;Wang et al, 1997;Lang et al, 2007). Although all three of these receptors are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor family, they demonstrate differences in their functional coupling, which might explain the variety of physiological effects exhibited by GAL (Lundstrom et al, 2005a,b;Lang et al, 2007).…”