Cloning, sequence and characterization of the polyphosphate kinase-encoding gene (ppk) of Klebsiella aerogenes

Kato, Junichi; Yamamoto, Tomoharu; Yamada, Katsufumi; Ohtake, Hisao

doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90013-s

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Homologs of phoB and phoR (the cognate sensor) are found in the V. cholerae genome database, suggesting that transcription of the ppk ppx operon may be regulated by this system. Putative pho boxes are also present in the ppk promoter regions of E. coli, K. aerogenes (12), and Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1 (8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Polyphosphate in Vibrio cholerae : Genetic, Biochemical, and Physiologic Features

et al. 2000

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Vibrio cholerae O1, biotype El Tor, accumulates inorganic polyphosphate (poly P) principally as large clusters of granules. Poly P kinase (PPK), the enzyme that synthesizes poly P from ATP, is encoded by the ppk gene, which has been cloned from V. cholerae, overexpressed, and knocked out by insertion-deletion mutagenesis. The predicted amino acid sequence of PPK is 701 residues (81.6 kDa), with 64% identity to that of Escherichia coli, which it resembles biochemically. As in E. coli, ppk is part of an operon with ppx, the gene that encodes exopolyphosphatase (PPX). However, unlike in E. coli, PPX activity was not detected in cell extracts of wild-type V. cholerae. The ppk null mutant of V. cholerae has diminished adaptation to high concentrations of calcium in the medium as well as motility and abiotic surface attachment.Inorganic polyphosphate poly P is a linear polymer of up to hundreds of orthophosphate (P i ) residues linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. Among known functions, poly P can serve as a substitute for ATP in kinase reactions, a P i reservoir, and a chelator of divalent metals (9). Poly P is ubiquitous in nature, having been found in all organisms examined (15), yet little is known about its physiological roles (14).Several poly P-metabolizing enzymes have been purified, and the genes encoding them have been cloned (14, 28). The enzyme primarily responsible for poly P synthesis in Escherichia coli is poly P kinase (PPK), which catalyzes the polymerization of the ␥ phosphate of ATP into a poly P chain (1). Poly P can be hydrolyzed to P i by an exopolyphosphatase (PPX) (3). In E. coli, the encoding genes, ppk and ppx, respectively, form an operon. The inability to accumulate poly P upon deletion of this operon or upon the overproduction of PPX has produced several striking phenotypes in E. coli (6,20,25): decreased long-term survival in stationary phase; increased sensitivity to oxidative, osmotic, and thermal stresses; and defects in adaptive growth in minimal medium after a shift from rich medium. These phenotypes are likely due to the decreased expression of the rpoS gene, which encodes the principal stationary-phase sigma factor, S , or RpoS (25). These and related results (4) suggest that poly P is an effector signal for responses to acute stringencies and adaptations in the stationary phase.Recently available genome sequences have revealed that PPK is highly conserved in many bacterial species, including some important pathogens (26). This also implies that PPK and/or poly P has fundamental physiological roles in bacteria. The ppk knockout mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 shows a dramatic deficiency in motility, both flagellar and pilus mediated, an inability to form biofilms, and a loss of virulence (22,23,24). ppk null mutants of several other pathogens and of E. coli also exhibit reduced motility and reduced abiotic surface attachment (22,24).Vibrio spp. are among the most common microorganisms in environmental surface waters, such as lakes and rivers. Vibrio cholerae O1 is an...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic Polyphosphate in Vibrio cholerae : Genetic, Biochemical, and Physiologic Features

et al. 2000

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“…If a similar system is in operation in A. baumannii, then we might expect to see a pho box or pho-box-like sequence in the promoter region. However, no sequences similar to the pho box consensus sequence derived from E. coli and K. aerogenes phosphate-regulated promoters (Kato et al, 1993b) appears to be present. Similarily, no pho boxes appear to be present in the promoter region of the Acinetobacter sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microbial removal of phosphate from wastewater is slow and improvements are required to support the industrial application of this physiological trait (Kato et al, 1993b). Further knowledge about the genes involved in polyphosphate synthesis and their regulation in Acinetobacter species will aid in this task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of polyphosphate kinase gene expression in Acinetobacter baumannii 252

1999

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“…포도당 대사에 의해 세포 내에 축적되는 glucose-6-P나 alpha-methyl glucoside-6-P 에 의한 포도당-인산 스트레스(glucose-phosphate stress)가 생기 는데, pitA 돌연변이주에서는 간접적으로 PhoB가 활성화되어 PhoB 의존성 alkaline phosphatase가 발현되어 이들을 분해함으 로써, 스트레스를 완화한다 (Richards and Vanderpool, 2012). E. coli의 pst 오페론 중 pstA mRNA 3′ 말단 부위 서열은 rpoS mRNA의 5′ leader 서열과 상호작용하여 RpoS 발현을 증가시킨 다 (Ruiz and Silhavy, 2003;Schurdell et al, 2007) (Kato et al, 1993;AultRiche et al, 1998;Morohoshi et al, 2002;Yuan et al, 2006).…”

Section: Yjbb 시스템unclassified

Bacterial Phosphate Homeostasis: Role of Phosphate Transporters

Park¹,

Bang²

2012

The Korean Journal of Microbiology

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Cloning, sequence and characterization of the polyphosphate kinase-encoding gene (ppk) of Klebsiella aerogenes

Cited by 63 publications

References 14 publications

Inorganic Polyphosphate in Vibrio cholerae : Genetic, Biochemical, and Physiologic Features

Inorganic Polyphosphate in Vibrio cholerae : Genetic, Biochemical, and Physiologic Features

Regulation of polyphosphate kinase gene expression in Acinetobacter baumannii 252

Bacterial Phosphate Homeostasis: Role of Phosphate Transporters

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