Cloninger’s TCI associations with adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies

Abstract

BackgroundCognitive emotion regulation plays a crucial role in psychopathology, resilience and well-being by regulating response to stress situations. However, the relationship between personality and adaptive and maladaptive regulation has not been sufficiently examined.MethodsAdaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies of 247 university students were measured using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and their temperament and character characteristics were analyzed with the Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised Short (TCI-RS). Two-step hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze whether TCI-RS explains the use of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The latent classes of cognitive emotion regulation strategies were extracted with Latent Class Analysis (LCA) and significant differences in the subscales of CERQ and TCI-RS were examined with Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Profile Analysis after controlling for sex and age.ResultsThe two-step hierarchical multiple regression model using the seven TCI-RS subscales explained 32.30% of the adaptive and 41.70% of the maladaptive CERQ subscale scores when sex and age were introduced in the first step as covariates. As for temperament, Novelty Seeking (NS) and Persistence (PS) were pivotal for adaptive and Harm Avoidance (HA) and PS for maladaptive CERQ total scores. In addition, the character traits Self-Directedness (SD) and Cooperativeness (CO) were critical for high adaptive and low maladaptive CERQ scores. Four latent emotion regulation classes were confirmed through LCA, and distinct TCI-RS profiles were found. The temperament trait HA and character trait SD were significantly different among the four latent emotion regulation classes.DiscussionThis study demonstrated that SD and CO are related to cognitive emotion regulation strategies along with psychological health and well-being, and that PS exhibits dualistic effects when combined with NS or HA on response to stressful situations. The importance of developing mature character represented by higher SD and CO in regard to mental health and its clinical implementation was discussed.

Psychiatric comorbidity and temperament‐character traits of the patients with lichen simplex chronicus: The relation with the symptom severity of the disease

“…31 Higher HA scores were also associated with maladaptive emotion regulation. 32 As HA trait is significantly higher in patients with LSC; we may assume that these patients have anxiety and depressive disorders traits, they often avoid risky and difficult situations; and, do not enjoy life much as similarly reported in previous studies. 11,25,33,34 In terms of the character dimension, total self-directedness (SD) scores were significantly lower in LSC group.…”

“…46,47 Individuals with a maladaptive emotion regulation style are characterized with low scores in SD such as low self-esteem, feelings of victimization, lack of goals and by high scores in HA such as pessimism, low energy, and tendency for anxiety as we observed in LSC group. 32 LSC was suggested to be considered an emotional disorder with skin manifestations by Harth et al 48 Rieder and Tosti suggested to take LSC as a skin analogous of onychotillomania, a body-focused repetitive behavioral disease with lesions without a primary dermatological disease. 49,50 Drawing on the findings and reasons above, our results indicate a significant relation between psychiatric comorbidity, depresion and anxiety levels, temperament and character dimensions, and the LSC symptom severity.…”

Gambling Phenotypes in Online Sports Betting

“…Self-directness is the ability to adapt-regulate owns' behavior to the demands of a situation in order to achieve personally chosen goals and values, while cooperativeness is described as the capacity of the individuals for being empathic, helpful, socially tolerant and compassionate. Adequate functioning in self-directedness and cooperativeness seem play a relevant role in fast and adaptive emotional responses and in the choice of cognitive regulation strategies (58), and its relevance in the stress response has also been consistently reported (59). Along this line, some researchers have suggested that a combination of both low self-directedness and low cooperativeness could form a general factor representing low psychological maturity, a temperamental vulnerability predictive of many psychiatric disorders (60,61).…”

Personality dimensions of patients can change during the course of parkinson’s disease

“…The appearance of these differences during the evolution of PD would be unusual, because in Cloninger’s model, temperaments (Novelty Seeking, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) should not change over time in the general population [ 6 ], whereas the character (Self-Directedness) may evolve. We propose thus four hypotheses: differences in personality dimensions may i) result from the evolution of PD, with the presence of motor fluctuations, ii) be induced by dopaminergic treatments [ 7 ], iii) be linked to decision-making processes concerning surgery, or iv) be related to the stress of awaiting DBS-STN [ 8 ].…”