Close Relation Between Cirrhosis and Gallstones

Conte, Dario; Fraquelli, Mirella; Fornari, Fabio; Lodi, L.; Buracco, Paolo; Buscarini, L

doi:10.1001/archinte.159.1.49

Cited by 95 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…After adjustment for age, LDL-Cho and family history of GD, GD prevalence was still significantly associated with HCV-related cirrhosis in both females and males compared to those with chronic hepatitis or normal biochemistry. Conte et al [30] found that advanced cirrhosis (Child class B and C) was associated with a greater risk for gallstones in cirrhotic patients, and our results likewise demonstrated insignificant association.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Positively Associated with Gallstones in Liver Cirrhosis

Zhang

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

Digestion

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Aim: To elucidate the prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease (GD) among patients with liver disease and explore their association with the aetiology and severity of hepatic injury. Methods: We analysed 4,832 subjects of hepatic injury induced by one of the following aetiologies: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, excessive alcohol consumption. The risk factors significantly associated with GD were analysed using stepwise logistic regression analysis, the influence of aetiology and severity of liver disease on the prevalence of GD were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for confounding factors. Results: Three thousand forty eight patients were of positive HBV surface antigen alone with a prevalence of GD of 18.6%, 526 were tested as positive Anti-HCV alone with a prevalence of GD of 22.4%, and 1,258 were identified with excessive alcohol consumption patterns with a prevalence of GD of 13.5%. In each aetiological category, the prevalence of GD increased by age. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age, female, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Cho), family history of GD, HBV infection, HCV infection, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were independent associated with HCV-related cirrhosis in both genders, HBV-related cirrhosis in males and alcohol-related cirrhosis in females compared with patients with less severe liver disease. After adjusting for gender, age, LDL-Cho and family history of GD, patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.49-3.84) but not HBV-related cirrhosis (OR 1.52, 95% CI 0.73-1.82) were more likely to have GD compared with alcohol-related cirrhosis. Conclusion: HCV infection is positively associated with gallstone formation especially in those with cirrhosis patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Positively Associated with Gallstones in Liver Cirrhosis

Zhang

Chen²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

Digestion

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“…Considering the Child score is a common indicator for evaluating the severity of liver damage, this result suggests that the incidence of GD is positively associated with the severity of liver damage. This finding is consistent with findings of previous studies (2,6,7). In our present study, the prevalence of gallstones was 27.81% in the 338 Child A patients, 30.32% in the 597 Child B patients, and 36.60% in the 705 Child C patients (p=0.007).…”

Section: Shi Et Al Gallstones Subjected To Liver Transplantationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Gallstones in liver transplant recipients: A single-center study in China

Shi¹,

Shen²,

Teng³

et al. 2015

Turk J Gastroenterol

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Background/Aims: Liver transplant recipients include patients who present with almost all kinds of end-stage liver disease. Studying the relationship between gallstones and end-stage liver disease among liver transplant recipients is becoming important. Materials and Methods: Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to assess 1640 liver transplant recipients. Multiple factors were involved in the analysis, including age, sex, total bilirubin and total cholesterol levels, Child score, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcoholic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results: Age and Child score are independent risk factors for the development of gallstone disease (GD). The average age of the recipients in the GD group was 49.22±9.96 years, which was significantly higher than that in the GD-free group (48.23±9.79 years). The Child score of the recipients in the GD group was 9.21±2.47, which was significantly lower than that of the recipients in the GD-free group, which was 8.79±2.48 (t=3.23, p<0.001). We also found that hepatitis B is an influential factor in GD. Conclusion: The prevalence of gallstones among liver transplant recipients is related to the Child score and patient age. The prevalence of GD is lower in patients with HCC and in those who are HBV positive and is relatively higher in HCV-positive patients and in those with alcoholic cirrhosis, although no significant differences were found.

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“…The varying results on the relationship between smoking or drinking and cholelithiasis [7,8,9,10,11] may be due to differences in study population, study design, and method of case detection. Although the biological mechanisms of the relationship between smoking and cholelithiasis are unclear [11], increased liver diseases among the smoker group in this study may have caused increased cholelithiasis since some reports show a close relation between cirrhosis and gallstones [37, 38]. Kono et al [11] reported a significant decrease in the prevalence of gallstone and postcholecystectomy status in moderate and heavy drinkers among Japanese men, but the present study showed no association of alcohol with cholelithiasis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Smoking and Alcohol Habits as Risk Factors for Benign Digestive Diseases in a Japanese Population: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study

et al. 2005

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Background: Although an association between benign digestive diseases and smoking or drinking habits was reported, consistent results have not been obtained either in European, American or Japanese populations. Methods: Smoking and alcohol habits as risk factors for the incidence of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis as well as cholelithiasis were examined using the longitudinal data of the Adult Health Study collected biennially between 1958 and 1998. During 1958–1998, 1,093 gastric ulcers, 437 duodenal ulcers, 2,054 chronic liver diseases and cirrhoses, and 1,136 cholelithiasis cases were newly detected based on medical history, fluoroscopy or endoscopy and ultrasonography. Smoking and drinking histories were obtained from five and three questionnaires, respectively, administered during different periods. The relative risks (RRs) for ever smoked to never smoked and that for ever drank to never drank were estimated after adjustment for city, sex, age, birth cohort, calendar time and radiation dose. Results: The analysis showed a positive association of smoking with gastric ulcer (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.71–2.41), duodenal ulcer (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 0.99–1.72), chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08–1.39) and cholelithiasis (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02–1.40), and a positive association of drinking with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.99–1.23). Conclusions: Thepeptic ulcer, chronic liver disease and cholelithiasis incidence increased significantly with smoking, and the chronic liver disease incidence increased significantly with drinking simultaneously in a prospective study of a Japanese population.

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Close Relation Between Cirrhosis and Gallstones

Cited by 95 publications

References 25 publications

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Positively Associated with Gallstones in Liver Cirrhosis

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Positively Associated with Gallstones in Liver Cirrhosis

Gallstones in liver transplant recipients: A single-center study in China

Smoking and Alcohol Habits as Risk Factors for Benign Digestive Diseases in a Japanese Population: The Radiation Effects Research Foundation Adult Health Study

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