Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations

Anderson, Todd J.; Uehata, Akimi; Gerhard, Marie; Meredith, Ian T.; Knab, Sarah; Delagrange, Danielle; Lieberman, Eric H.; Ganz, Patricia A.; Creager, Mark A.; Yeung, Alan C.; Selwyn, Andrew P.

doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00327-4

Cited by 1,852 publications

(1,235 citation statements)

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“…Impaired FMD in the brachial artery has been proved to be closely correlated with endothelial dysfunction of CAD, suggesting that endothelium-dependent vasodilation impairment is a generalized atherosclerotic process. 13 In this study, we showed that endothelial dysfunction assessed by the noninvasive method of peripheral brachial ultrasonography was related to increased risk of cardiovascular events Clinical Cardiology DOI:10.1002/clc in patients with suspected CAD, which are consistent with previous studies that used invasive methods to measure endothelial function. 1,2 These findings suggested that endothelial dysfunction contributes significantly to CAD progression and cardiovascular event rates.…”

Section: Endothelial Function Inflammatory Marker Of Hscrp and Athesupporting

confidence: 89%

Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in predicting cardiovascular events

Huang

Chen

et al. 2007

Clinical Cardiology

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SummaryBackground: Endothelial function plays a key role in determining the clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic lesions. Elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) relates to long-term prognosis of cardiovascular disease.Hypothesis: We test the hypothesis that combined use of endothelial function and hsCRP could increase predictive value of future cardiovascular events.Methods and Results: 205 patients were followed up for a median period of 24 months. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial ultrasound to measure endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Cox regression analyses were conducted for the 205 subjects, with cardiovascular events being defined as myocardial infarction, hospitalization due to congestive heart failure, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and ischemic stroke. Twenty nine (14%) developed cardiovascular events. Both FMD and hsCRP were significantly predictive of cardiovascular events (relative risk for patients with FMD < 3% as compared to those with FMD

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Section: Endothelial Function Inflammatory Marker Of Hscrp and Athesupporting

confidence: 89%

Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in predicting cardiovascular events

Huang

Chen

et al. 2007

Clinical Cardiology

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“…While differences exist in the performance of the test among research laboratories, recent guidelines have suggested uniform methodology to reduce variability (59,60). Brachial artery FMD has been shown to correlate with measures of coronary endothelial function (61). This technique has been extensively used with very good reproducibility and low observer variability.…”

Section: Methods Of Assessing Endothelial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk

Anderson

2006

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

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T he understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and its vascular complications has increased dramatically over the past decade. Numerous measurable biomarkers play a role in the atherosclerosis process, and are associated with clinically important vascular events. Not only has their evaluation advanced our knowledge of the atherosclerotic process but it has also accelerated a search for new diagnostic tools to aid in risk stratification. Putative factors include soluble biomarkers and imaging assessments of vascular structure and function. The endothelium plays a key role in vascular homeostasis through the release of a variety of paracrine factors that interact with platelets, inflammatory cells and the vessel wall. The endothelium's central location allows it to sense and respond to a variety of perturbations. Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of disease. Risk factors can also affect mechanical properties such as arterial stiffness, which is now recognized as a major contributor to systolic hypertension in elderly people. Methods of assessing endothelial function and arterial stiffness are available for clinical research and recent evidence suggests that these measures may provide important prognostic information. ATTRIBUTES OF A SURROGATE BIOMARKEREpidemiological studies, such as Framingham, have allowed longitudinal assessment of cardiovascular events and the development of simple scoring tables for risk calculation (1,2). These factors involved include blood pressure, lipid profile, smoking status and age. More recently, many factors thought to be associated with the atherosclerotic process have been studied. Some of these have been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes and have been deemed biomarkers (3,4). However, association does not necessarily imply causation and, due to a variety of limitations, most of these markers will not be useful for the clinical evaluation of risk or drug therapy (5). To become clinically important, a biomarker must fulfill the criteria for a surrogate marker. A surrogate substitutes for clinically important end points with respect to how an individual feels, functions or survives. Classic examples include blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. These are targets of treatment. A surrogate should meet the following criteria:• Adds independent information above currently used criteria;• Is reliably and reproducibly measured;• Accounts for a significant proportion of disease risk;• Provides good predictive value;• Is reasonably associated with the underlying pathophysiology;• If it is to be used in risk prevention, is present before the clinical appearance of the outcome; and• Is available and practical for widespread application (5-8). ADVANCES IN VASCULAR BIOLOGY

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“…FMD is probably the most popular method to measure endothelial dysfunction due to its non-invasiveness and correlation with coronary vasoreactivity [40], as well as being mainly NO-dependent [39] (though not exclusively [41]). Strain-gauge venous plethysmography of the forearm circulation resembles FMD but is semi-invasive.…”

Section: How Can We Measure Endothelial Function?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and Flammer syndrome—similarities and differences

et al. 2017

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The endothelium has increasingly been recognized as a smart barrier and a key regulator of blood flow in microand macrovascular beds. Endothelial dysfunction marks a stage of atherosclerosis and is an important prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease. Yet, some people who tend to be slim and physically active and with rather low blood pressure show a propensity to respond to certain stimuli such as emotional stress with endothelial-mediated vascular dysregulation (Flammer syndrome). This leads to characteristic vascular symptoms such as cold hands but also a risk for vascularmediated diseases such as normal-tension glaucoma. It is the aim of this review to delineate the differences between Flammer syndrome and its Bcounterpart^endothelial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular diseases.

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Close relation of endothelial function in the human coronary and peripheral circulations

Cited by 1,852 publications

References 18 publications

Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in predicting cardiovascular events

Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein in predicting cardiovascular events

Arterial stiffness or endothelial dysfunction as a surrogate marker of vascular risk

Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease and Flammer syndrome—similarities and differences

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