Closed Corporate Peasant Communities in Mesoamerica and Central Java

Wolf, Eric R.

doi:10.1525/california/9780520223332.003.0011

Cited by 72 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…Networks of neighborly relations emerge from and reflect networks of pedestrian streets. When the street network is discontinuous, it delimits the possibilities for passive contacts, circumscribes concatenated neighborly relations, and provides social closure, a necessary condition for the emergence of community (Coleman, 1988;Wolfe, 1953).…”

Section: T-communities and Segregation T-communities And Neighbor Netmentioning

confidence: 99%

T‐Communities: Pedestrian Street Networks and Residential Segregation in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

Grannis

2005

City & Community

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In this article, I build on Grannis' (1998) analysis and examine the entire metropolitan regions of the three most populous U.S. Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs). I find that t-communities, communities defined by their internal access via pedestrian streets, powerfully account for the racial patterning of households in all three metropolitan areas. Racial variation occurs between t-communities not within them, even when both distances between block groups or, in the case of households with children, racial variation between elementary schools is accounted for. While Grannis (1998) examined how similar t-communities connected by pedestrian streets were to each other, this study examines how internally homogeneous t-communities themselves are. Further, this study's analysis of households with children finds that they have settled in such a way as to assure a racially homogeneous t-community more than a racially homogeneous school. By analyzing the entire metropolitan areas of PMSAs in different regions, this study also discovered very large t-communities, hundreds of times larger than a typical t-community, in which pedestrian streets no longer have an important influence.Using the pedestrian street network, Grannis (1998) defined "t-communities" 1 as areas that are both connected internally by pedestrian streets and circumscribed by nonpedestrian streets, and then demonstrated that pedestrian street networks are one of the primary tools racial populations use to organize themselves in the urban cores of Los Angeles and San Francisco. While innovative and informative, Grannis' (1998) analysis was incomplete in several ways.First, Grannis (1998) did not actually examine if t-communities were racially homogeneous. Grannis (1998) examined connected components of t-communities, what Grannis (2001) has elsewhere termed "islands," but not t-communities themselves. While Grannis (1998) showed that t-communities connected by pedestrian-oriented streets were similar to each other, it did not show that t-communities themselves were internally homogeneous. Second, while Grannis (1998) attempted to account for the effects of spatial proximity, it did not account for the importance of schools in the relocation decisions of households with children. Parents may choose to live in a neighborhood because of the public school they gain access

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Section: T-communities and Segregation T-communities And Neighbor Netmentioning

confidence: 99%

T‐Communities: Pedestrian Street Networks and Residential Segregation in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

Grannis

2005

City & Community

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“…Ayni is also a key term in the works of many anthropologists who attribute to household and community cooperation critical importance in their accounts of Andean life (Bolin 1998;Doughty 1968;Isbell 1985;Skar 1982;Smith 1989). Influenced by the notion of closed corporate communities that depict Latin America's peasant communities as homogeneous and confined social units (Wolf 1957), they define ayni as generalized reciprocity (Sahlins 1972) and associate it with the idea of being Andean: it is thus described as a cultural defense mechanism that rural indigenous communities employ to generate cohesion and solidarity and resist economic exploitation and cultural discrimination (Isbell 1985).…”

Section: Ayni In Anthropological Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ayni Unbounded: Cooperation, Inequality, and Migration in the Peruvian Andes

Pærregaard

2017

J Latin Amer Carib Anth

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R e s u m e n Convencionalmente, los antropólogos han estudiado ayni como una práctica de igualdad. Este artículo examina la cooperación andina como una gramática de reciprocidad que encubre tanto una ideología de igualdad como una práctica de diferencia. Analizando datos de trabajo de campo en una comunidad andina y su colonia de migrantes en los EE.UU. el artículo investiga las relaciones de ayni que los migrantes transnacionales utilizan para patrocinar las fiestas de su comunidad de origen y la estructura de poder en las cuales estas relaciones son incrustadas. Sostiene que cuando los migrantes demuestran su riqueza y competen para ganar prestigio en la fiesta revelan la desigualdad de ayni. Sugiere que a diferencia de la reciprocidad presentada en las etnografías andinas la cooperación entre migrantes es exclusiva y refuerza las relaciones de dominancia. Concluye que futuros estudios tienen que examinar el contexto económico y político en la cual ayni se envuelve. [Andes, ayni, cooperación, migración, Perú, poder, reciprocidad]

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“…A brief profile of the five villages involved in the mapping programme (see Figure 1) will serve to illustrate the diversity of responses that this focused collective introspection produced. 14 Desa Tenganan, an old Balinese adat village with large communal land holdings and strict rules of endogamy, stands at the 'closed corporate' end of the spectrum in Wolf's (1957) classic typology of peasant community structures. It was also a celebrated example of the model 'Village Republic' in Dutch colonial scholarship on Bali (Korn, 1933(Korn, /1984.…”

Section: Carol Warrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Common Futures: Customary Communities, NGOs and the State in Indonesia's Reform Era

Warren

2005

Development & Change

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The post-Suharto 'Reform Era' has witnessed explosive revitalization movements among Indonesia's indigenous minorities or 'customary' (adat) communities attempting to redress the disempowerment they suffered under the former regime. This study considers the current resurgence of customary claims to land and resources in Bali, where the state-sponsored investment boom of the 1990s had severe social and environmental impacts. It focuses on recent experiments with participatory community mapping, aimed at reframing the relationship between state and local institutions in planning and decision-making processes. Closely tied to the mapping and planning strategy have been efforts to strengthen local institutions and to confront the problems of land alienation and community control of resources. The diversity of responses to this new intervention reflects both the vitality and limitations of local adat communities, as well as the contributions and constraints of non-governmental organizations that increasingly mediate their relationships to state and global arenas. This ethnographic study explores participants' experiences of the community mapping programme and suggests its potential for developing 'critical localism' through long-term, process-oriented engagements between communities, governments, NGOs, and academic researchers.

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Closed Corporate Peasant Communities in Mesoamerica and Central Java

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

T‐Communities: Pedestrian Street Networks and Residential Segregation in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

T‐Communities: Pedestrian Street Networks and Residential Segregation in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York

Ayni Unbounded: Cooperation, Inequality, and Migration in the Peruvian Andes

Mapping Common Futures: Customary Communities, NGOs and the State in Indonesia's Reform Era

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