Closed-Globe Injuries of the Ocular Surface Associated with Combat Blast Exposure

Cockerham, Glenn C.; Lemke, Sonne; Rice, Thomas A.; Wang, Gloria; Glynn-Milley, Catherine; Zumhagen, Lars; Cockerham, Kimberly P.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.06.009

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Thus, we believe that the damage truly was caused by the blast pressure wave. A cross-sectional study performed by Cockerham et al 31 in 2014 found similar corneal injuries in blastexposed veterans. Specifically, 25% of nonpenetrative exposures resulted in anterior pole injuries and include stromal scarring.…”

Section: Corneal Swelling/scarring Was Delayed and Temporally Complexmentioning

confidence: 85%

Long Term Temporal Changes in Structure and Function of Rat Visual System After Blast Exposure

Shedd

Benko

Jones

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Section: Corneal Swelling/scarring Was Delayed and Temporally Complexmentioning

confidence: 85%

Long Term Temporal Changes in Structure and Function of Rat Visual System After Blast Exposure

Shedd

Benko

Jones

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Blast injuries can also result in visual impairments. A cross-sectional study of 65 veterans with blast-related traumatic brain injuries showed a 25% prevalence of ocular surface injuries (Cockerham et al, 2014). Veterans who sustained a blast injury may have impaired visual acuity if there is an ocular surface injury or endothelial cell abnormalities; interestingly, no relationship has been found between the use of ballistic eyewear and the presence of ocular surface injuries from a blast (Cockerham et al, 2014).…”

Section: Hearing or Visual Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A cross-sectional study of 65 veterans with blast-related traumatic brain injuries showed a 25% prevalence of ocular surface injuries (Cockerham et al, 2014). Veterans who sustained a blast injury may have impaired visual acuity if there is an ocular surface injury or endothelial cell abnormalities; interestingly, no relationship has been found between the use of ballistic eyewear and the presence of ocular surface injuries from a blast (Cockerham et al, 2014). Other visual blast and closed head injury effects may include photosensitivity, oculomotor problems, and visual field losses as well as difficulties with color discrimination, spatial perception, and visual processing (Saunders & Echt, 2012).…”

Section: Hearing or Visual Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Unique Health Needs of Post-9/11 U.S. Veterans

Waszak

Holmes²

2017

Workplace Health Saf

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This article applies a hazard-based approach to the identification of physical, mental, and psychosocial health needs of post-9/11 veterans. The weaponry, survival, and population of servicemen and women by the military have evolved over time, particularly during the post-9/11 era. It is evident that military hazards and potential exposures vary depending on not only the deployment era but also the specific location and role. Many individual factors may affect the development of health problems. Recent evidence-based literature about post-9/11 veterans' long-term complex health issues is summarized, so occupational health nurses can advocate for the provision of veteran-sensitive care.

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“…8 There have been studies worldwide on ocular structure lesions after TBI with humans and animal models. [9][10][11][12] Meanwhile, these visual symptoms and dysfunctions after TBI have been reported for US military and veteran personnel 7,13,14 and sporadic civilian cases from many areas, 6,15,16 nevertheless, which, have never been investigated in a Chinese population. Studies are needed to gather information on the visual dysfunctions experienced by Chinese patients with TBI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding visual dysfunctions, these patients mostly experience deficits in accommodation, vergence, and eye movements, including saccades and smooth pursuit 2014. There have been studies worldwide on ocular structure lesions after TBI with humans and animal models 2014. Meanwhile, these visual symptoms and dysfunctions after TBI have been reported for US military and veteran personnel2017 and sporadic civilian cases from many areas,2018 nevertheless, which, have never been investigated in a Chinese population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accommodation and stereopsis in adults with traumatic brain injury

Chen

Yang

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: Traumatic brain injury has many adverse effects on visual functions. The aim of this study is to evaluate accommodation, stereopsis deficits and visual symptoms in Chinese patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 22 patients with traumatic brain injury and 22 controls; the refractive status, stereoacuity, and accommodative ability of each subject were measured. Results: Patients with traumatic brain injury were significantly more symptomatic than controls (p < 0.001). Near stereoacuity thresholds were significantly elevated in patients with traumatic brain injury compared to controls (p < 0.001). Accommodative amplitude (right eye: p = 0.007; left eye: p = 0.01; both eyes: p = 0.002) and accommodative facility rates (right eye: p < 0.001; left eye: p < 0.001; both eyes: p < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with traumatic brain injury, for whom there were no significant differences between the accommodative facility rates of the pre-and post-three-minute binocular flipper sessions (p = 0.51). Patients with traumatic brain injury showed greater accommodative lag to 2.5 D (p = 0.03), 3 D (p = 0.03), 4 D (p = 0.004) and 5 D (p = 0.001) stimuli, but not to the 2 D (p = 0.10) stimulus. The regression equation of accommodative lag to stimuli was steeper for the traumatic brain injury group (slope: p = 0.01; y-intercept: p < 0.0001). There were also significant correlations between visual symptoms and clinical findings including binocular accommodative amplitude (r = −0.480, p = 0.001), binocular accommodative facility (r = −0.445, p = 0.004) and stereopsis (r = 0.457, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Patients with traumatic brain injury have deficits in accommodation and stereopsis.

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Closed-Globe Injuries of the Ocular Surface Associated with Combat Blast Exposure

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Long Term Temporal Changes in Structure and Function of Rat Visual System After Blast Exposure

Long Term Temporal Changes in Structure and Function of Rat Visual System After Blast Exposure

The Unique Health Needs of Post-9/11 U.S. Veterans

Accommodation and stereopsis in adults with traumatic brain injury

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