Closed universes with black holes but no event horizons as a solution to the black hole information problem

Tipler, Frank J.; Graber, J. L.; McGinley, Matthew J.; Nichols-Barrer, Joshua; Staecker, Christopher

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11895.x

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In this case there is not need to take the trace over unknowable degrees of freedom and potentially the evolution could be perfectly unitary. An example of such a spacetime was presented in [98] and another in [61].…”

Section: Gravitational Entropymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locally defined horizons have also been investigated in a wide variety of physics-inspired situations: with extremal horizons [25], in Einstein-GaussBonnet theory [84], in braneworlds [26][27][28], in supersymmetry [76], with phantom energy [46], in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes with dark energy domination [75], in closed universes without event horizons [98], in higher dimensions generally [73,70] and in the higher dimensional Vaidya solution [90].…”

Section: Uniquenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the definition of a black hole is freed from event horizons, one has the possibility of having black holes satisfying all the physical properties listed above, but in spacetimes that do not have true event horizons [98,61]. This obviously raises important issues for investigations of black hole thermody-namics, entropy and information [82].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black holes and black hole thermodynamics without event horizons

Nielsen

2009

Gen Relativ Gravit

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We investigate whether black holes can be defined without using event horizons. In particular we focus on the thermodynamic properties of event horizons and the alternative, locally defined horizons. We discuss the assumptions and limitations of the proofs of the zeroth, first and second laws of black hole mechanics for both event horizons and trapping horizons. This leads to the possibility that black holes may be more usefully defined in terms of trapping horizons. We also show how Hawking radiation can also be seen to arise from trapping horizons and discuss which horizon area should be associated with the gravitational entropy.Comment: Invited review article for General Relativity and Gravitation. 43 page

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Section: Gravitational Entropymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uniquenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Black holes and black hole thermodynamics without event horizons

Nielsen

2009

Gen Relativ Gravit

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“…The above conclusions arrived at by Tipler would then suggest that unitarity implies that the observed acceleration today cannot be due to a cosmological constant, but must instead be the result of some form of quintessence (Tipler 2000). The standard model of quintessence (Turner 1999) is a scalar field with a very shallow potential V(w) at the current time, but which could have a minimum in the far future.…”

Section: The Curvature Of the Universementioning

confidence: 90%

Simulated worlds, physical eschatology, the finite nature hypothesis and the final anthropic principle

Prince

2005

International Journal of Astrobiology

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Meaning and purpose can be given to life, consciousness, the laws of physics, etc. If one assumes that the Universe is endowed with some form of (strong) anthropic principle. In particular, the final anthropic principle (FAP) of Barrow and Tipler postulates that intelligent life will continue in the Universe until the far future when the computational power of descendent civilizations will be sufficient to run simulations of enormous scale and power. Tipler has claimed that it will be possible to create simulations with rendered environments and inhabitants, i.e. intelligent software constructs, which are effectively 'people '. Proponents of this FAP claim that if both substrate independence and the pattern identity postulate hold, then these simulations would be able to contain reanimated individuals that once lived. These claims have been heavily criticized but the growing study of physical eschatology, initiated by Freeman Dyson in a seminal work, and the developments in computational theory have made some progress in showing that simulations containing intelligent information processing software constructs, which may be conscious, are not only feasible but may be a reality within the next few centuries. In this work, arguments and conservative calculations are given which concur with these latter more minimal claims. FAP-type simulations inevitably rely on cosmology type, but current observations would seem to rule appropriate models out. However, it is argued that dark energy, described in the recent forms of 'quintessence ' cosmological models may show the current conclusions from observations to be too presumptive. In this paper some relevant physical and cosmological aspects are reviewed in the light of the recent propositions regarding the plausibility of certain simulations given by Bostrom, and the longer held postulate of finite nature -due to Fredkin -which has grown in credibility, following advances in quantum mechanics and the computational theory of cellular automata. This latter postulate supports the conclusions of Bostrom, which, under certain plausible assumptions, can imply that our Universe is itself already a simulated entity. It is demonstrated in this paper how atemporal memory connections could make efficient ancestor simulations possible, solving many of the objections faced by the FAP of Barrow and Tipler. Also, if finite nature is true then it can offer a similar vindication to this FAP. Indeed the conclusions of this postulate can be realized more easily, but only if the existence of life within the simulation/Universe is not merely incidental to the (currently unknown) purpose for which it was generated to fulfil.

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“…His Omega Point cosmology has been peerreviewed and published in a number of prestigious physics and science journals, such as Reports on Progress in Physics [445] (the leading journal of the Institute of Physics, Britain's main professional organization for physicists), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society [438] (one of the world's leading astrophysics journals), Physics Letters [433], the International Journal of Theoretical Physics [426] (a journal Richard Feynman also published in during the 1980s [137]), etc.…”

Section: A4 the Bekenstein Bound And Artificial Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Physics of God and the Quantum Gravity Theory of Everything

Redford¹

2012

SSRN Journal

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Analysis is given of the Omega Point cosmology, an extensively peerreviewed proof (i.e., mathematical theorem) published in leading physics journals by professor of physics and mathematics Frank J. Tipler, which demonstrates that in order for the known laws of physics to be mutually consistent, the universe must diverge to infinite computational power as it collapses into a final cosmological singularity, termed the Omega Point. The theorem is an intrinsic component of the Feynman-DeWitt-Weinberg quantum gravity/Standard Model Theory of Everything (TOE) describing and unifying all the forces in physics, of which itself is also required by the known physical laws. With infinite computational resources, the dead can be resurrected-never to die again-via perfect computer emulation of the multiverse from its start at the Big Bang. Miracles are also physically allowed via electroweak quantum tunneling controlled by the Omega Point cosmological singularity. The Omega Point is a different aspect of the Big Bang cosmological singularity-the first cause-and the Omega Point has all the haecceities claimed for God in the traditional religions.From this analysis, conclusions are drawn regarding the social, ethical, economic and political implications of the Omega Point cosmology.

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Closed universes with black holes but no event horizons as a solution to the black hole information problem

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Black holes and black hole thermodynamics without event horizons

Black holes and black hole thermodynamics without event horizons

Simulated worlds, physical eschatology, the finite nature hypothesis and the final anthropic principle

The Physics of God and the Quantum Gravity Theory of Everything

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