Closed-Vessel and Thermal Studies on Triple-Base Gun Propellants Containing CL-20

Divekar, C. N.; Sanghavi, R. R.; Nair, U. R.; Chakraborthy, T. K.; Sikder, A. K.; Singh, Amritpal

doi:10.2514/1.40895

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the high pressure exponent caused by the high content of nitramine explosives may affect the steady-state combustion process of these propellants and thus further hinder the application of CL-20 in solid propellants. 8,9 It has been reported that the addition of efficient catalysts into oxidizers can decrease the thermal decomposition temperature so that the burning rate can be enhanced and the pressure exponent of solid propellants is reduced as well. 10−12 Currently, only few catalysts have been exploited for CL-20 due to its complex multistep decomposition process such as organometallic salts, nanometal oxides, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Thermal Decomposition Properties of CL-20 through Space-Confining in Three-Dimensional Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon

Chen

Huang

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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High energy and low signature properties are the future trend of solid propellant development. As a new and promising oxidizer, hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is expected to replace the conventional oxidizer ammonium perchlorate to reach above goals. However, the high pressure exponent of CL-20 hinders its application in solid propellants so that the development of effective catalysts to improve the thermal decomposition properties of CL-20 still remains challenging. Here, 3D hierarchically ordered porous carbon (3D HOPC) is presented as a catalyst for the thermal decomposition of CL-20 via synthesizing a series of nanostructured CL-20/HOPC composites. In these nanocomposites, CL-20 is homogeneously space-confined into the 3D HOPC scaffold as nanocrystals 9.2-26.5 nm in diameter. The effect of the pore textural parameters and surface modification of 3D HOPC as well as CL-20 loading amount on the thermal decomposition of CL-20 is discussed. A significant improvement of the thermal decomposition properties of CL-20 is achieved with remarkable decrease in decomposition peak temperature (from 247.0 to 174.8 °C) and activation energy (from 165.5 to 115.3 kJ/mol). The exceptional performance of 3D HOPC could be attributed to its well-connected 3D hierarchically ordered porous structure, high surface area, and the confined CL-20 nanocrystals. This work clearly demonstrates that 3D HOPC is a superior catalyst for CL-20 thermal decomposition and opens new potential for further applications of CL-20 in solid propellants.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Thermal Decomposition Properties of CL-20 through Space-Confining in Three-Dimensional Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon

Chen

Huang

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), as an excellent nitramine explosive with a higher heat of detonation, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure than those of RDX and HMX, can be used in composite modified double base propellants (CMDB) [ 23 ], gun propellants [ 24 ], and plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) [ 25 ]. However, the micron-sized CL-20 (mCL-20) is very sensitive, and explosion would easily happen during production, processing, transportation, etc., which seriously restricted its actual applications.…”

Section: Nano-sized Energetic Materials (Nems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nano-Sized Energetic Materials (nEMs) on the Performance of Solid Propellants: A Review

Pang¹,

Deng²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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As a hot research topic, nano-scale energetic materials have recently attracted much attention in the fields of propellants and explosives. The preparation of different types of nano-sized energetic materials were carried out, and the effects of nano-sized energetic materials (nEMs) on the properties of solid propellants and explosives were investigated and compared with those of micro-sized ones, placing emphasis on the investigation of the hazardous properties, which could be useable for solid rocket nozzle motor applications. It was found that the nano-sized energetic materials can decrease the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of solid propellants and explosives compared with the corresponding micro-sized ones, and the mechanical sensitivities are lower than that of micro-sized particles formulation. Seventy-nine references were enclosed.

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“…L i and R i are left and right limits of i th ingredient (x i ). These are determined from the available literature data [8,[17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Mathematicalmodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Method for Gun Propellant Formulation Design

Sudarsan

Das

Naik

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Determination of propellant formulation by ballistic requirement is an important area of research in recent times. In this study, a theoretical method for the design of gun propellant formulation using primary data of ingredients and necessary thermochemical properties of the resultant propellant was established. The employed method is based on a mathematical model of thermochemical properties of the propellant by optimizing the heat of explosion of the propellant using the fmincon tool in MATLAB. A graphical user interface (GUI) based code was generated and developed for the formulation design of solid gun propellants. The designed code was verified by available data in the literature. Such code will be useful to the researchers working in the area of high energy materials for the design of unknown propellant compositions. Further, it can be extended to redesign the existing propellant formulation in order to enhance the ballistic performance.

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Closed-Vessel and Thermal Studies on Triple-Base Gun Propellants Containing CL-20

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Enhanced Thermal Decomposition Properties of CL-20 through Space-Confining in Three-Dimensional Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon

Enhanced Thermal Decomposition Properties of CL-20 through Space-Confining in Three-Dimensional Hierarchically Ordered Porous Carbon

Effect of Nano-Sized Energetic Materials (nEMs) on the Performance of Solid Propellants: A Review

Generalized Method for Gun Propellant Formulation Design

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