Closing a Loop: Substance Flow Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Rainbow Trout Production and Domestic Consumption System in Finland

Asmala, Eero; Saikku, Laura

doi:10.1007/s13280-010-0024-5

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…11), whereas, perhaps surprisingly, ever-expanding freshwater aquaculture (28) became the largest constituent of P losses after 2009. Over 90% of the Chinese aquaculture feed-P remained in rearing waters as uneaten food and excretion, higher than levels observed in Finland (29) and Norway (30) (82% and 70%, respectively).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 72%

Intensification of phosphorus cycling in China since the 1600s

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

225

112

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for living systems with emerging sustainability challenges related to supply uncertainty and aquatic eutrophication. However, its long-term temporal dynamics and subsequent effects on freshwater ecosystems are still unclear. Here, we quantify the P pathways across China over the past four centuries with a life cycle process-balanced model and evaluate the concomitant potential for eutrophication with a spatial resolution of 5 arc-minutes in 2012. We find that P cycling in China has been artificially intensified during this period to sustain the increasing population and its demand for animal protein-based diets, with continuous accumulations in inland waters and lands. In the past decade, China's international trade of P involves net exports of P chemicals and net imports of downstream crops, specifically soybeans from the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. The contribution of crop products to per capita food P demand, namely, the P directly consumed by humans, declined from over 98% before the 1950s to 76% in 2012, even though there was little change in per capita food P demand. Anthropogenic P losses to freshwater and their eutrophication potential clustered in wealthy coastal regions with dense populations. We estimate that Chinese P reserve depletion could be postponed for over 20 y by more efficient life cycle P management. Our results highlight the importance of closing the P cycle to achieve the cobenefits of P resource conservation and eutrophication mitigation in the world's most rapidly developing economy.sustainability | phosphorus cycling | eutrophication | food production | industrial ecology T he cycling of phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for living systems, has been massively altered by human activities, with emerging concerns about long-term supplies of affordable P for food production (1, 2). The one-way journey of P has also increased eutrophication, contributing to significant disruptions, such as water quality degradation and biodiversity losses in aquatic ecosystems (3, 4). Amplified production of phosphate rock, largely for fertilizer production, reached 225 million tons globally in 2013 (5), leading to the conclusion that anthropogenic P use is operating well beyond planetary boundaries (6, 7). Among all countries, China, with its rapid increase in population and affluence, faces perhaps the greatest sustainability challenges in its P sector. Although China is now the world's largest producer of phosphate rock, contributing 48% of total production in 2013 (5), concerns about scarcity of Chinese P reserves have begun to emerge. Although this possibility has not been as widely recognized for P as for other critical mineral resources (SI Appendix, Fig. S1), reliance of Chinese agriculture on imported P would have major ramifications for global fertilizer markets. Reflecting this amplified P use, most Chinese freshwaters have experienced excessive total P loading for years (8), triggering high-profile events, such as the cyanobacteria bloom in L...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 72%

Intensification of phosphorus cycling in China since the 1600s

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

225

112

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“…Because of its enzymatic action, ALP is closely related to P metabolism, and its correlation was also observed in trout, though blood P was not considered an optimal indicator of P status in the latter species [ 35 ]. There is concern about P excretion in reared fish and its environmental effect, with particular regard to eutrophication [ 36 , 37 ]. Excess P may be released in the blood from the cell cytoplasm and membrane after cell injury, with particular regard to erythrocyte in the course of hemolysis [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Rainbow Trout Serum Chemistry Variables

Manera

2021

IJERPH

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Clinical chemistry offers a valuable, affordable, moderately invasive, and nondisruptive way to assess animal physiological status and wellness within defined ranges and is widely used as a diagnostic clinical tool. Because of physiological differences between mammals, clinical correlates of blood chemistry variables are not known in detail in fish, in which tissue/organ function tests are inferred from mammal-derived clinical chemistry data. The aim of the present study was to apply exploratory factor analysis on a serum chemistry dataset from clinically healthy, reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchusmykiss (Walbaum, 1792) to select the most correlated variables and to test for possible underlying factors explaining the observed correlations as possible physiological status estimates in trout. The obtained factors were tested for correlation with hepatosomatic and splenosomatic indexes. Thirteen highly correlated variables were selected out of 18 original serum chemistry variables, and three underlying factors (Factors 1, 2, and 3) were identified that explained the observed correlations among variables. Moreover, Factor 1 correlated negatively with the hepatosomatic index and Factors 2 and 3 negatively with the splenosomatic index. The obtained factors were tentatively associated with: protein (liver) metabolism (Factor 1), cell turnover (Factor 2), and lipid (muscle) metabolism (Factor 3).

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“…The debate of the risks and inconveniences of the fish farming came evident, when the rocky shores were overgrown with green algal mats. And soon after the realization of those consequences, the decisions made by authorities and courts were strengthened and the amounts of annual production allowed in the floating net ponds were markedly lowered [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today the aquaculture has succeeded in developing the quality of fish feeds, as well as the feeding mechanisms. Due to the improvements made by the industry -partly demanded by the authorities, partly by voluntary introduction of technological improvements -the production of rainbow trout is nowadays on sustainable grounds, and now the aquaculture causes only negligible annoyance for the environment and people [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological Monitoring of Marine Fish Farming Activities by Enteromorpha Intestinalis (Chlorophyta)

Aulio¹

2014

IJEMA

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The biomass production of algae was markedly enhanced near a large fish farming establishment in the northern Baltic Sea, SW coast of Finland. The mean biomass values of the dominant filamentous green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis at sites near the fish farming establishment were 3-fold the values at the control site (160-190 g/ m 2 vs. 64 g/m 2 ). The nutrient discharges from the fish farms were reflected in the elemental contents of the algal tissues. The contents of phosphorus (mean values in the farming area vs. at the control site) were 0.30-0.33% (dry weight) vs. 0.25%,and the levels of N were 1.8-2.1 % vs. 1.6%. On the basis of the nutrient contents, nitrogen is the growth-limiting nutrient in these coastal waters. The results are thus in contrast with the commonly accepted view that the reduction of phosphorus discharges is the main objective in water management. In addition, the accumulation of zinc in the tissues of Enteromorpha appeared to be a useful indicator of fish farming activities.

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Closing a Loop: Substance Flow Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Rainbow Trout Production and Domestic Consumption System in Finland

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Intensification of phosphorus cycling in China since the 1600s

Intensification of phosphorus cycling in China since the 1600s

Exploratory Factor Analysis of Rainbow Trout Serum Chemistry Variables

Ecological Monitoring of Marine Fish Farming Activities by Enteromorpha Intestinalis (Chlorophyta)

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