Closing the Brief Case: Recurrent Chromobacterium violaceum Bloodstream Infection in a Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)-Deficient Patient with a Severe Neutrophil Defect

Thwe, Phyu M.; Ortiz, Daniel A.; Wankewicz, Alyssa L.; Hornak, J. Patrik; Williams‐Bouyer, Natalie; Ren, Ping

doi:10.1128/jcm.00314-19

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Its occurrence in humans has been reported several times and it is a highly opportunistic pathogen that is related to severe sepsis and mortality. Infection of this bacterium in humans occurs through exposure of open wounds in contact with the waters of streams, rivers and lakes, and also in contaminated soil (Thwe, Ortiz, & Wankewicz, 2020). Studies on violacein, a violet-colored substance, have shown effective effects against several bacteria, especially gram-positive ones, even combating multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (Choi, Lim, Cho, & Mitchell, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integral Characterization of the 16S rRNA Gene of Non-sporulating Bacteria and Its Action Against Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Alves¹,

Miranda²,

Polanczyk³

et al. 2020

JAS

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Brazil is the world’s largest producer of soybean (Glycine max), an extremely important legume due to its source of proteins and essential oils for humans and animals, besides to its applications in the various branches of industry. The velvetbean caterpillar [Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)] is a great pest that affects this crop and has been controlled by chemical and biological pesticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis. The objectives of this work were to prospect soil microorganisms, to characterize them using the 16S rRNA gene and to perform bioassays to analyze the lethality or subletality of these isolates against A. gemmatalis larvae. The DNA sequencing of the marker gene was complete, covering all conserved regions of it to determine the phylogenetic position of the isolates. Regarding to bioassays, subletality efficacy were low both for sporulant and for the non-sporulant bacterial strains tested. However, based on the signature by complete 16S rRNA analyses of the non-sporulating bacterial isolates, new characteristics worth of studying and prospecting biotechnologically became available.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integral Characterization of the 16S rRNA Gene of Non-sporulating Bacteria and Its Action Against Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Alves¹,

Miranda²,

Polanczyk³

et al. 2020

JAS

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“…Our study found that the imbalance in peripheral blood neutrophils phenotype found in KC patients was accompanied by altered activity of intracellular metabolic processes. For example, Glu6PDH is the key and initializing enzyme of the pentose phosphate cycle [14,32]. The activity of this enzyme in blood neutrophils in KC patients was reduced, that fact pointed to down-regulation of several reactions in macromolecular synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotype and metabolism are linked in peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with kidney cancer

et al. 2020

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The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between expression of activation and adhesion receptors on peripheral blood neutrophils, and intracellular activity of some neutrophil enzymes in patients with kidney cancer (KC). Patients and methods: the KC patients (n = 72) (T3N0M0, clear-cell type) were examined prior to surgical treatment at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Oncology Center. The diagnosis was verified histologically for all KC patients. The phenotype of blood neutrophils was studied using flow cytometry. The surface receptor expression levels of the neutrophils were evaluated by mean fluorescence intensity. NAD and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases activities in purified peripheral blood neutrophils were measured by bioluminescent method. Results: we have found that the phenotypic alterations in circulating KC patients’ neutrophils appeared along with inhibition of main intracellular metabolic processes and were closely linked with them. The features of the phenotypic imbalance in the neutrophils from KC patients were associated with a decrease in blood cells expressing adhesive (CD11b and CD62L) and functional (CD64 and HLA-DR) receptors. Moreover, the patient’s neutrophils expressed CD11b, CD16 and HLA-DR on their cell surface more intensively, than neutrophilic leukocytes from control group. These phenotypic changes in KC patients’ blood neutrophils occurred in parallel with pronounced decrease in immature cells numbers. The metabolic changes of neutrophil cytoplasmic compartment in KC patients were determined by a decrease in Glu6PDH activity (a key and initializing enzyme of the pentose phosphate cycle) and NADH-LDH (anaerobic glycolysis). Mitochondrial metabolism in neutrophils of KC patients was characterized by multidirectional changes in the activity of NAD- and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases (decreased activity of NAD-dependent and increased activity of NADP-dependent) and a decrease in NADH-MDH activity. The established features in mitochondrial enzymes activities suggest some disturbances of NAD-dependent processes that could lead to down-regulation of aerobic energy processes. We guess that the decreased activity of plastic and energy processes in blood neutrophils of KC patients could affect the receptor expression levels. By means of correlation analysis, we have found that the relationships in KC patients were determined by negative effects of NADHGDH and NADH-LDH activities upon expression of activation and adhesion receptors in blood neutrophils. Of these enzymes, only glutathione reductase activity in neutrophils from KC patients was positively linked with the CD23 and HLA-DR expression. Thus, an increase in activity of energy processes (e.g., coupling the tricarboxylic acid cycle to amino acid metabolism) in blood neutrophils from the patients with kidney cancer could stimulate expression levels of activation and adhesion receptors and potentially increase antitumor activity of neutrophils.

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Chromobacterium violaceum: A Review of an Unexpected Scourge

Alisjahbana¹,

Debora²,

Susandi³

et al. 2021

IJGM

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Chromobacterium violaceum is a common environmental bacterium that rarely causes disease in humans but has a high fatality rate if it does. Due to the rarity of the cases, clinicians are often unaware of the rapid progression of C. violaceum infection and its unexpected antibiotic resistance pattern, which contribute to the failure of patient management. Our review provides the clinical characteristics, possible sources of exposure, and comorbidities and determines factors associated with survival. We gathered information on 132 cases of C. violaceum causing disease in humans published between 1953 and 2020. Patients were predominantly male with a median age of 17.5, interquartile range (IQR) of 5.0-40.0 years, and a third of them were known to have immune deficiencies or comorbidities. Portals of entry were mainly through a wound in the leg and feet (28.0%), the torso (8.5%), or hands and arms (6.8%). It is not uncommon to acquire infection through unintended contact with contaminated water or dust through the mouth or inhalation. The median incubation period is 4.0 days (IQR 2.0-8.0 days) with a duration of clinical course of 17.5 days (IQR 8.0-30.8 days). The high rate of positive blood cultures (56.1%) and abscesses in internal organs (36.4%) shows the significant severity of this disease. Sepsis and Bacteremia were related to mortality with a risk ratio (RR) of 5.20 (95% CI, 0.831-32.58) and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.05-4.36), respectively. Appropriate antibiotic use prevented death at a RR 0.33 (95% CI, 0.21-0.52). Most patients who recovered and survived were treated with aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. This review shows the malignant nature of C. violaceum infection and the need for clinicians to be aware and provide prompt source management for patients. Appropriate empiric and targeted antibiotic regiment guided by susceptibility test results is of vital importance.

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Closing the Brief Case: Recurrent Chromobacterium violaceum Bloodstream Infection in a Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)-Deficient Patient with a Severe Neutrophil Defect

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Integral Characterization of the 16S rRNA Gene of Non-sporulating Bacteria and Its Action Against Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Integral Characterization of the 16S rRNA Gene of Non-sporulating Bacteria and Its Action Against Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Immunophenotype and metabolism are linked in peripheral blood neutrophils from patients with kidney cancer

Chromobacterium violaceum: A Review of an Unexpected Scourge

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