This chapter considers different dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address the problem. The economic benefits of gender equality for growth and wealth are substantial. Despite progress being made, gender gaps still exist at every stage of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic achievements. The roadmap to gender equality involves legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access to health, education, and jobs, and efforts to change social norms. They need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, and pandemics.