Closing the Gender Gap: Increased Female Authorship in <i>AJR</i> and <i>Radiology</i>

Yun, Eun Joo; Yoon, Dae Young; Kim, Bit-na; Moon, Ji Yoon; Yoon, Soo Jeong; Hong, Su Jin; Baek, Sora

doi:10.2214/ajr.14.14225

Cited by 59 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Women in ecology journals were more underrepresented as corresponding authors than as first authors on papers because women were less likely than men to assume the role of corresponding author when first author on a paper ( Figure 5). This observation was previously reported for the journal Functional Ecology (Fox, Burns, et al, 2016;Fox, Paine, et al, 2016) and some biomedical journals (Heckenberg & Druml, 2010;Yun et al, 2015). The analyses we present here show that this pattern holds up across the broader ecological literature.…”

Section: Corresponding Authorshipsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Less is known about gender differences in corresponding authorship. In one recent study of an ecology journal, Fox, Burns, Muncy, and Meyer () found that women were 8% less likely than men to serve as corresponding author when they were first author on a manuscript, a pattern also found in some biomedical journals (Heckenberg & Druml, ; Yun et al, ). However, the generality of these observations is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Patterns of authorship in ecology and evolution: First, last, and corresponding authorship vary with gender and geography

Fox

Ritchey

Paine

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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The position of an author on the byline of a paper affects the inferences readers make about their contributions to the research. We examine gender differences in authorship in the ecology literature using two datasets: submissions to six journals between 2010 and 2015 (regardless of whether they were accepted), and manuscripts published by 151 journals between 2009 and 2015. Women were less likely to be last (i.e., “senior”) authors (averaging ~23% across journals, years, and datasets) and sole authors (~24%), but more likely to be first author (~38%), relative to their overall frequency of authorship (~31%). However, the proportion of women in all authorship roles, except sole authorship, has increased year‐on‐year. Women were less likely to be authors on papers with male last authors, and all‐male papers were more abundant than expected given the overall gender ratio. Women were equally well represented on papers published in higher versus lower impact factor journals at all authorship positions. Female first authors were less likely to serve as corresponding author of their papers; this difference increased with the degree of gender inequality in the author's home country, but did not depend on the gender of the last author. First authors from non‐English‐speaking countries were less likely to serve as corresponding author of their papers, especially if the last author was from an English‐speaking country. That women more often delegate corresponding authorship to one of their coauthors may increase the likelihood that readers undervalue their role in the research by shifting credit for their contributions to coauthors. We suggest that author contribution statements be more universally adopted and that these statements declare how and/or why the corresponding author was selected for this role.

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Section: Corresponding Authorshipsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Patterns of authorship in ecology and evolution: First, last, and corresponding authorship vary with gender and geography

Fox

Ritchey

Paine

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…After a preprocess of normalisation that eliminated initials accompanying given names and replaced hyphens with spaces, all the authors' first names were matched through GenderChecker, a database that included 97,500 worldwide names classified as male, female or unisex (obtained from http://genderchecker.com/; an updated version includes 102,142 names). This database was tested in the validation section (see below), and recently it is used in research (e.g., Carnahan, Kryscynski, & Olson, ; Mansour et al, ; Yun et al, ) and, according to the website, by the UN Refugee Agency. In order to increase the number of observations, we followed Larivière et al's () procedure, and the names classified as unisex by GenderChecker were subsequently matched with the 1990 US Census, which presents lists of given names and their frequencies associated with males and females from the US population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary psychology and women: A gender analysis of the scientific production

González-Álvarez

Cervera-Crespo

2017

Int J Psychol

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Despite important advances made in recent decades, women are still underrepresented in science (less than 30% of authorships). This study presents a bibliometric analysis of all the Psychology articles published in 2009 included in the Web of Science database (Thomson Reuters) in order to examine the contribution of women in contemporary Psychology, their pattern of research collaboration, the scientific content and the scientific impact from a gender perspective. From a total of 90,067 authorships, gender could be identified in 74,413 (82.6%) of them, being 40,782 (54.8%) male authorships and 33,631 (45.2%) female authorships. These data corresponded to 24,477 (49.9%) individual men and 24,553 (50.1%) women, respectively. Therefore, Psychology presents gender parity in the number of authors, and a gender asymmetry in the number of authorships that it is much lower than in science in general and other specific scientific fields. In relative terms, women tend to be concentrated in the first position of the authorship by-line and much less in the last (senior) position. This double pattern suggests that age probably plays a role in (partly) explaining the slight gender disparity of authorships.

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“…For example, in a national survey conducted by the American College of Radiology, women radiologists were more concentrated in academia than were men (22% of female radiologists were in academia vs 14% of male radiologists) (3). In addition, the number of first or last author publications by female radiologists has also risen steadily over time, suggesting that female radiologists are leading research efforts with increased frequency (4)(5)(6)…”

Section: Advances In Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Academic Rank of Radiologists in U.S. Medical Schools

et al. 2017

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Purpose To determine whether there were gender differences in full professorship after accounting for factors known to influence academic advancement. Materials and Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study, with waiver of informed consent. In this cross-sectional study, the authors used a comprehensive 2014 physician database (5089 academic radiologists, inclusive of all U.S. academic radiologists in 2014; 11.3% of all U.S. radiologists) containing information on physician age, years since residency, National Institutes of Health funding, scientific publications (first or last author and total), clinical trial investigation, and clinical volume measured according to 2013 Medicare reimbursement. Primary outcome of gender differences in full professorship was estimated by using a multilevel logistic regression model adjusting for these factors. Results Among 5089 academic radiologists, 3638 (71.5%) were men. The average age for male and female radiologists was 52 and 49 years, respectively. Overall, 239 women (16.5%) and 948 (26.1%) men were full professors (P < .001). Women had fewer total and first or last author publications than men (total, 12.2 vs 17.6; first or last, 6.8 vs 10.7; P < .001 for both comparisons). Women were less likely than men to have National Institutes of Health funding (2.0% vs 3.6%; P = .004) and generated less annual Medicare revenue ($63 346 vs $75 854; P = .001). After multivariate adjustment, rates of full professorship among female and male radiologists were not significantly different (absolute adjusted difference for female vs male radiologists, -1.5%; 95% confidence interval: -3.8%, 0.9%). Conclusion Among radiologists with U.S. medical school faculty appointments in 2014, men and women were similarly likely to be full professor after several factors known to influence promotion were taken into account. However, unadjusted differences in promotion and research productivity were present, which suggests that female radiologists may lack equal research opportunities. RSNA, 2016.

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Closing the Gender Gap: Increased Female Authorship in AJR and Radiology

Abstract: There was a significant increase in the female authorship of original research articles in two major American radiology journals between the periods 1991-1993 and 2011-2013.

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Patterns of authorship in ecology and evolution: First, last, and corresponding authorship vary with gender and geography

Patterns of authorship in ecology and evolution: First, last, and corresponding authorship vary with gender and geography

Contemporary psychology and women: A gender analysis of the scientific production

Gender Differences in Academic Rank of Radiologists in U.S. Medical Schools

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