‘Closing the Life Cycle’ of Andricus quercuslanigera (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)

Hood, Glen R.; Zhang, Linyi; Topper, Leah; Brandão-Dias, Pedro F P; Pino, Gaston A Del; Comerford, Mattheau; Egan, Scott P.

doi:10.1093/aesa/say005

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…; Hood et al. ). Therefore, the live oak–gall wasp community provides the opportunity to test for parallelism in the role of host plant phenology in driving sequential temporal RI across multiple gall‐former taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Finally, the effects of a sequential cascade on population divergence may not be confined to one insect across two trophic levels. At least eight species of host-specific gall wasps, each restricted to forming galls on ephemeral tissues, co-occur on Qv and Qg (Egan et al 2013;Hood et al 2018). Therefore, the live oak-gall wasp community provides the opportunity to test for parallelism in the role of host plant phenology in driving sequential temporal RI across multiple gall-former taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, for oaks, as buds break, leaves unfurl in tandem with shoot elongation, male flower (catkin) expansion, and bloom (Hood et al. ). Shoots with catkins represent new flower production as mature catkins abscise within one to two weeks, thus flowering timing is commensurate with leaf flush.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cascading reproductive isolation: Plant phenology drives temporal isolation among populations of a host‐specific herbivore

Hood

Zhang

et al. 2019

Evolution

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All organisms exist within a complex network of interacting species, thus evolutionary change may have reciprocal effects on multiple taxa. Here, we demonstrate “cascading reproductive isolation,” whereby ecological differences that reduce gene flow between populations at one trophic level affect reproductive isolation (RI) among interacting species at the next trophic level. Using a combination of field, laboratory and common‐garden studies and long‐term herbaria records, we estimate and evaluate the relative contribution of temporal RI to overall prezygotic RI between populations of Belonocnema treatae, a specialist gall‐forming wasp adapted to sister species of live oak (Quercus virginiana and Q. geminata). We link strong temporal RI between host‐associated insect populations to differences between host plant budbreak phenology. Budbreak initiates flowering and the production of new leaves, which are an ephemeral resource critical to insect reproduction. As flowering time is implicated in RI between plant species, budbreak acts as a “multitrophic multi‐effect trait,” whereby differences in budbreak phenology contribute to RI in plants and insects. These sister oak species share a diverse community of host‐specific gall‐formers and insect natural enemies similarly dependent on ephemeral plant tissues. Thus, our results set the stage for testing for parallelism in a role of plant phenology in driving temporal cascading RI across multiple species and trophic levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cascading reproductive isolation: Plant phenology drives temporal isolation among populations of a host‐specific herbivore

Hood

Zhang

et al. 2019

Evolution

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“…The three live oak species on which B. treatae develops support a diverse community of host‐specific gall‐forming insects (Egan et al, ; Hood et al, ) that are attacked by an even more diverse community of insect natural enemies that includes gall inquilines and parasitoids (Busbee, ; Forbes et al, ). Given the intimate nature of the interactions across these trophic levels, our results set the stage for broad‐scale testing of the hypothesis of parallel patterns of genetic divergence related to HAD and geography across both the gall‐former and insect natural enemy communities (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Postzygotic RI is evident by the observation that immigrant B. treatae that switch from natal to non-natal plant species can form galls that generate viable adults but experience a high degree of immigrant inviability on non-natal host plants (Zhang et al, 2017). Immigrant inviability and divergent natural selection may be attributed to differences in leaf structure, as Qg have significantly more trichomes and thicker leaves compared with Qv The three live oak species on which B. treatae develops support a diverse community of host-specific gall-forming insects (Egan et al, 2013;Hood et al, 2018) that are attacked by an even more diverse community of insect natural enemies that includes gall inquilines and parasitoids (Busbee, 2018;Forbes et al, 2015). Given the intimate nature of the interactions across these trophic levels, our results set the stage for broad-scale testing of the hypothesis of parallel patterns of genetic divergence related to HAD and geography across both the gall-former and insect natural enemy communities (e.g.…”

Section: Had and Ri Of Host-associated Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host plant associations and geography interact to shape diversification in a specialist insect herbivore

et al. 2019

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Disentangling the processes underlying geographic and environmental patterns of biodiversity challenges biologists as such patterns emerge from eco‐evolutionary processes confounded by spatial autocorrelation among sample units. The herbivorous insect, Belonocnema treatae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), exhibits regional specialization on three plant species whose geographic distributions range from sympatry through allopatry across the southern United States. Using range‐wide sampling spanning the geographic ranges of the three host plants and genotyping‐by‐sequencing of 1,217 individuals, we tested whether this insect herbivore exhibited host plant‐associated genomic differentiation while controlling for spatial autocorrelation among the 58 sample sites. Population genomic structure based on 40,699 SNPs was evaluated using the hierarchical Bayesian model entropy to assign individuals to genetic clusters and estimate admixture proportions. To control for spatial autocorrelation, distance‐based Moran's eigenvector mapping was used to construct regression variables summarizing spatial structure inherent among sample sites. Distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) incorporating the spatial variables was then applied to partition host plant‐associated differentiation (HAD) from spatial autocorrelation. By combining entropy and dbRDA to analyse SNP data, we unveiled a complex mosaic of highly structured differentiation within and among gall‐former populations finding evidence that geography, HAD and spatial autocorrelation all play significant roles in explaining patterns of genomic differentiation in B. treatae. While dbRDA confirmed host association as a significant predictor of patterns of genomic variation, spatial autocorrelation among sites explained the largest proportion of variation. Our results demonstrate the value of combining dbRDA with hierarchical structural analyses to partition spatial/environmental patterns of genomic variation.

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