Closteroviridae: the beginning

Bar‐Joseph, M.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00014

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Our evolutionary phylogenetic inferences have reproduced similar results to recently published phylogenetic analyses [2,27,28,36,41], therefore supporting the detailed molecular characterization of this study. Additionally, no correlation could be found between the geographic locations, host species or cultivars, etiology, and the clades position of the LChV-1 and LChV-2 sub-clusters in the phylogenetic trees, which also confirmed earlier reports [2,41,46,47,48,49]. Taken together, our study of the genetic diversity of Little cherry virus in Belgium demonstrated that LChV-1 and -2 isolates formed distinct but congruent evolutionary groups with a clear yet limited molecular evolution and diversity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Host and potential vectors may be found to be important evolutionary and epidemiological factors shaping the genetic variability of these diverse viral populations when considered as collection of variants in the context of viral quasispecies. This would emphasize the multiple facets of this disease complex in accordance with the general trend observed among viruses members of the family Closteroviridae [46,47,48,51,52,53,54,55,56,57]. Despite the general high potential for variability of most ss(+)RNA viruses, most members of the family Closteroviridae , like most RNA virus populations analyzed so far, are genetically stable with relatively moderate intra-taxonomical diversity [55,56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

Tahzima

Foucart²,

Peusens³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Little cherry disease, caused by little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) and little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2), which are both members of the family Closteroviridae, severely affects sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) orchards lifelong production worldwide. An intensive survey was conducted across different geographic regions of Belgium to study the disease presence on these perennial woody plants and related species. Symptomatic as well as non-symptomatic Prunus spp. trees tested positive via RT-PCR for LChV-1 and -2 in single or mixed infections, with a slightly higher incidence for LChV-1. Both viruses were widespread and highly prevalent in nearly all Prunus production areas as well as in private gardens and urban lane trees. The genetic diversity of Belgian LChV-1 and -2 isolates was assessed by Sanger sequencing of partial genomic regions. A total RNA High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) approach confirmed the presence of both viruses, and revealed the occurrence of other Prunus-associated viruses, namely cherry virus A (CVA), prune dwarf virus (PDV) and prunus virus F (PrVF). The phylogenetic inference from full-length genomes revealed well-defined evolutionary phylogroups with high genetic variability and diversity for LChV-1 and LChV-2 Belgian isolates, yet with little or no correlation with planting area or cultivated varieties. The global diversity and the prevalence in horticultural areas of LChV-1 and -2 variants, in association with other recently described fruit tree viruses, are of particular concern. Future epidemiological implications as well as new investigation avenues are exhaustively discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

Tahzima

Foucart²,

Peusens³

et al. 2019

Viruses

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“…In a previous study it was found that placental TNF- α levels are higher in diabetic women, suggesting that the previous inflammatory and hyperglycemic environment stimulates placental production of TNF- α in a full-term pregnancy [ 15 ]. TNF- α production by immune cells in response to different inflammatory stimuli is enhanced by membrane rupture in complicated pregnancies [ 21 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding corroborates the hypothesis that the placenta is capable of modifying the concentrations of cells and cytokines from the maternal blood before transferring them to the fetus and that this activity is affected by the inflammatory environment produced by hyperglycemia. An appropriate pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in decidua is required to support fetal development and must therefore be preserved during antimicrobial responses to prevent inflammation-induced tissue damage and maintain a successful pregnancy [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After centrifugation the supernatant was discarded, and the opaque bands at the interfaces between plasma and Ficoll-Paque-1077 containing cells were collected carefully by aspiration with a siliconized Pasteur pipet and transferred to tubes. NK cells were purified by positive selection with magnetic beads [ 21 ]. Cells were resuspended independently in serum-free medium 199 and used immediately for assays of flow cytometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines in Maternal Placenta and Fetus of Diabetic Mothers

Hara

França

Fagundes

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunology Research

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The present study characterized natural killer cells and cytokines in diabetic mothers, their placenta, and fetus. In the maternal blood from the hyperglycemic groups, the CD16+CD56− NK cells increased, whereas that of CD16+CD56+ decreased in gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] group. Cord blood from type 2 diabetes [DM-2] showed a higher proportion of CD16+CD56− and CD16−CD56+. The placental extravillous layer of GDM and DM-2 showed an increase of CD16+CD56− cells and, irrespective of region, the proportion of CD16−CD56+ cells was higher in mild gestational hyperglycemia [MGH] and GDM and lower in DM-2. IL-2 was lower in maternal blood and IFN-γ higher in maternal and cord blood from the GDM group. IL-17 was higher in maternal and cord blood from the DM-2 group. The placental extravillous layer of the MGH showed high levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ and low levels of IL-1β and IL-8, whereas the placental villous layer contained high levels of IL-17 and IFN-γ. The GDM group, irrespective of region, showed higher levels of IL-8. The DM-2 group, irrespective of region, placenta showed high levels of TNF-α, IL-17, and IFN-γ. The hyperglycemia produces an inflammatory environment with a high content of inflammatory cytokines and cells expressing CD16+.

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Fast response of fungal and prokaryotic communities to climate change manipulation in two contrasting tundra soils

Voříšková

Elberling

Priemé

2019

Environmental Microbiome

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Background Climate models predict substantial changes in temperature and precipitation patterns across Arctic regions, including increased winter precipitation as snow in the near future. Soil microorganisms are considered key players in organic matter decomposition and regulation of biogeochemical cycles. However, current knowledge regarding their response to future climate changes is limited. Here, we explore the short-term effect of increased snow cover on soil fungal, bacterial and archaeal communities in two tundra sites with contrasting water regimes in Greenland. In order to assess seasonal variation of microbial communities, we collected soil samples four times during the plant-growing season. Results The analysis revealed that soil microbial communities from two tundra sites differed from each other due to contrasting soil chemical properties. Fungal communities showed higher richness at the dry site whereas richness of prokaryotes was higher at the wet tundra site. We demonstrated that fungal and bacterial communities at both sites were significantly affected by short-term increased snow cover manipulation. Our results showed that fungal community composition was more affected by deeper snow cover compared to prokaryotes. The fungal communities showed changes in both taxonomic and ecological groups in response to climate manipulation. However, the changes were not pronounced at all sampling times which points to the need of multiple sampling in ecosystems where environmental factors show seasonal variation. Further, we showed that effects of increased snow cover were manifested after snow had melted. Conclusions We demonstrated rapid response of soil fungal and bacterial communities to short-term climate manipulation simulating increased winter precipitation at two tundra sites. In particular, we provide evidence that fungal community composition was more affected by increased snow cover compared to prokaryotes indicating fast adaptability to changing environmental conditions. Since fungi are considered the main decomposers of complex organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems, the stronger response of fungal communities may have implications for organic matter turnover in tundra soils under future climate.

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Closteroviridae: the beginning

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

High-Throughput Sequencing Assists Studies in Genomic Variability and Epidemiology of Little Cherry Virus 1 and 2 infecting Prunus spp. in Belgium

Characterization of Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines in Maternal Placenta and Fetus of Diabetic Mothers

Fast response of fungal and prokaryotic communities to climate change manipulation in two contrasting tundra soils

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