Clostridia isolated from the feces of infants during the first year of life

Stark, Patrick; Lee, Adrian V.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(82)80430-7

Cited by 78 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the earlier studies, this organism was isolated from two of six fecal samples (2), and four of seven samples (1) in normal adults, and four of nine samples in 15-to 22-week-old infants (18). With respect to the antibiotic susceptibility of this organism (20), we devised a new selective medium for C. ramosum, containing propionate, rifampicin, gentamicin, colimycin, and polimyxin B (PRGCP), to facilitate the isolation of the organism from clinical materials such as feces and rectal biopsy samples.…”

Section: Sds-page Analysis Of Cellular Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Because IgA is a predominant immunoglobulin in the secretions of mammalians, and plays a role in the first line of defense against exogenous pathogens and antigenic macromolecules (3,12,18,19,23), the IgA proteases have been regarded as virulence factors allowing these organisms to escape this mucosal defense (14). However, all of these IgA proteases have been shown to have substrate specificity only for human IgA of IgAl subclass, and are called IgAl proteases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clostridium ramosum, an IgA Protease‐Producing Species and Its Ecology in the Human Intestinal Tract

Senda¹,

Fujiyama²,

Ushijima³

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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A bacterial strain isolated from feces of a patient with ulcerative colitis, which had been shown to produce a novel immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease (cleaving both the human IgAl subclass and IgA2 subclass of A2m(1) allotype) extracell ularly, was identified as Clostridium ramosum. By using a selective medium (proprionate-rifampicin-gentamicin-colimycin-polymyxin medium) devised for C. ramosu m, analysis of the population level of this organism was performed to determine its ecology in the human intestinal tract. C. ramosum was isolated in 20 of 25 fecal samples (80%) from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (I.B.D.) and in 112 of 135 samples (83%) from patients without I.B.D. (control group). C. ramosum was also isolated from 6 of 11 biopsy samples (55%) of the inflamed rectal mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis and from five of 15 samples (33%) from the intact mucosa of the control group. The population levels of C. ramosum in most of the biopsy samples ranged from 2.3 to 5.0 logic, per gram. The IgA protease-positive C. ramosum was found in only four of 135 fecal samples (3%) and one of 15 biopsy samples (6.7% ) from the control group. These results indicate that IgA protease-positive C. ramosu m is not likely to play a role in the induction of I.B.D., unless the organism is first isolated from the patient with I.B.D.

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Section: Sds-page Analysis Of Cellular Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium ramosum, an IgA Protease‐Producing Species and Its Ecology in the Human Intestinal Tract

Senda¹,

Fujiyama²,

Ushijima³

et al. 1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Stools (approximately 0 5 g) were transferred from soiled nappies into bijou bottles containing 4-5 ml pre-reduced salt solution (Holdeman, Cato & Moore, 1977) and prepared as described by Stark & Lee (1982), giving an approximate 1: 10 dilution. On the day of collection they were stored at -70 'C.…”

Section: Faecal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After thawing, aliquots were dispensed as follows: 2 drops from a 30-dropper pipette (Microbiological Supply Co.) were inoculated on to selective cycloserinecefoxitin-fructose agar plates (Oxoid), which were incubated at 37 'C for 48 h in an anaerobic jar; 1 ml was inoculated into Robertson's cooked meat medium, heat-shocked at 80 'C for 12 min (Stark & Lee, 1982) and subcultured before and after 3 days incubation at 37 'C onto kanamycin horse blood agar plates. Of the remaining suspension 1 ml was kept at -70 'C for use in the estimation of para-cresol; 2 ml were centrifuged at 3000 rev./min for 20 min, and the supernatants were filtered (0 45 um filters) for use in the detection of cytotoxin (Larson et al 1978).…”

Section: Faecal Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective study ofClostridium difficilecolonization and para-cresol detection in the stools of babies on a special care unit

Phua¹,

Rogers²,

Pallett³

1984

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYInfants' stools were examined for the presence of Clostridium difficile and its cytotoxin in a study performed over a one-year period on a special care baby unit.Overall, 21 % of infants were colonized, but the organism was only recovered in a seven-month period during which its weekly prevalence in the group varied from zero to 440, with a distinct clustering of colonized infants being observed. Tests for the presence of cytotoxin in the stools and in supernatants of broth that had been inoculated with each isolate were negative. The factors predisposing to colonization were a prolonged stay in the unit, low birth weight, younger gestational age and being nursed in an incubator. The organism was recovered only once from an environmental screen.An antibiogram, used in conjunction with toxin production, was helpful in distinguishing these isolates from a collection obtained from other units in the hospital. We conclude that Cl. difficile was acquired by nosocomial spread although we did not establish the precise mechanism involved.The detection of para-cresol by gas-liquid chromatography was found to be specific but insufficiently sensitive as a screening test for the organism's presence in the stools. It could only be demonstrated in infants whose birth-weights were less than 2500 g, and no association was observed between the type of feed and para-cresol presence in stools.

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“…It is part of the commensal flora in the human intestine (8,9), and only rarely has it been associated with disease (10). Some strains of C. ramosum produce an IgA proteinase that cleaves human IgA1 and IgA2 allotype A2m(1) at a Pro-Val peptide bond at positions 221-222 just N-terminal to the hinge region (8,11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clostridium ramosum IgA Proteinase Represents a Novel Type of Metalloendopeptidase

Kosowska

Reinholdt

Rasmussen

et al. 2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Clostridium ramosum is part of the normal flora in the human intestine. Some strains produce an IgA proteinase that specifically cleaves human IgA1 and the IgA2m(1) allotype. This prolylendopeptidase was purified from a broth culture supernatant, and N-terminal sequences of the native protein and tryptic fragments thereof were determined. A fragment of the iga gene encoding the IgA proteinase was isolated using degenerate primers in PCR, and the complete gene was obtained by inverse PCR. The identity of the iga gene was confirmed by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated a signal peptide of 30 residues and a secreted proteinase of 133,828 Da. A typical Gram-positive cell wall anchor motif was identified in the C terminus. The presence of a putative zinc-binding motif His-Glu-Phe-Gly-His together with inhibition studies indicate that the proteinase belongs to the zinc-dependent metalloproteinases. However, the sequence of the C. ramosum IgA proteinase shows no overall similarity to other proteins except for significant identity around the zinc-binding motif with family M6 of metalloendopeptidases, and the unique sequence of the IgA proteinase in this area presumably establishes a new subfamily. The GC percentage of the iga gene is significantly higher than that for the entire genome of C. ramosum, suggesting that the gene was acquired recently in evolution.

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Clostridia isolated from the feces of infants during the first year of life

Cited by 78 publications

References 18 publications

Clostridium ramosum, an IgA Protease‐Producing Species and Its Ecology in the Human Intestinal Tract

Clostridium ramosum, an IgA Protease‐Producing Species and Its Ecology in the Human Intestinal Tract

Prospective study ofClostridium difficilecolonization and para-cresol detection in the stools of babies on a special care unit

The Clostridium ramosum IgA Proteinase Represents a Novel Type of Metalloendopeptidase

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