Clostridial pathogenicity in experimental necrotising enterocolitis in gnotobiotic quails and protective role of bifidobacteria

Butel, Marie‐José; Roland, Nathalie; Hibert, Anne; Popot, F.; Favre, A.; Tessedre, Annie-Claude; Bensaada, Martine; Rimbault, Alain; Szylit, Odette

doi:10.1099/00222615-47-5-391

Cited by 185 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Butyrate has been shown to increase mucosal injury by enhancing the production of stromelysin-1 in cytokine-stimulated gut mesenchymal cells (169) . Generally, high levels of clostridia have been linked with the production of butyric acid, while bifidobacteria, by causing a decrease in clostridia numbers, have been associated with a decrease or disappearance of butyric acid (170) . Furthermore, it has been reported that the application of probiotic bifidobacteria reduced both the incidence and severity of NEC in premature neonates (171,172) .…”

Section: Necrotising Enterocolitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

2013

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The human intestinal microbial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining health. A multitude of diseases including diarrhoea, gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders, such as necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) of neonates, and obesity are linked to microbial composition and metabolic activity. Therefore, research on possible dietary strategies influencing microbial composition and activity, both preventive and curative, is being accomplished. Interest has focused on pre-and probiotics that stimulate the intestinal production of beneficial bacterial metabolites such as butyrate, and beneficially affect microbial composition. The suitability of an animal model to study dietary linked diseases is of much concern. The physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes places the pig in a superior position over other non-primate models. Furthermore, the pig is a human-sized omnivorous animal with comparable nutritional requirements, and shows similarities to the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Also, the pig has been used as a model to assess microbiota -health interactions, since pigs exhibit similar syndromes to humans, such as NEC and partly weanling diarrhoea. In contrast, when using rodent models to study diet -microbiota -health interactions, differences between rodents and humans have to be considered. For example, studies with mice and human subjects assessing possible relationships between the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota and the development of obesity have shown inconsistencies in results between studies. The present review displays the similarities and differences in intestinal microbial ecology between humans and pigs, scrutinising the pig as a potential animal model, with regard to possible health effects.

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Section: Necrotising Enterocolitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

2013

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“…Intestinal mucosal injury, bacterial coloni- sation, rapid increase in the gas volume of gastric aspirate and formula feeding are thought to be factors in the development of NEC (Butel et al 1998). Hence, it is rare in infants whose diet includes breast milk, being six to ten times more common in exclusively formula-fed infants (Dai & Walker, 1998).…”

Section: Neonatal Necrotising Enterocolitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal models of NEC have implicated Clostridium spp. Studies carried out by Butel et al (1998) examined the possible role of C. butyricum as the pathological agent of NEC. Germ-free quails were used as experimental models and were fed on a semi-synthetic diet containing 8 % lactose.…”

Section: Neonatal Necrotising Enterocolitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics

et al. 2000

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One of the most topical areas of human nutrition is the role of the gut in health and disease. Specifically, this involves interactions between the resident microbiota and dietary ingredients that support their activities. Currently, it is accepted that the gut microflora contains pathogenic, benign and beneficial components. Some microbially induced disease states such as acute gastroenteritis and pseudomembranous colitis have a defined aetiological agent(s). Speculation on the role of microbiota components in disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, bowel cancer, neonatal necrotising enterocolitis and ulcerative colitis are less well defined, but many studies are convincing. It is evident that the gut microflora composition can be altered through diet. Because of their perceived health-promoting status, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are the commonest targets. Probiotics involve the use of live micro-organisms in food; prebiotics are carbohydrates selectively metabolized by desirable moieties of the indigenous flora; synbiotics combine the two approaches. Dietary intervention of the human gut microbiota is feasible and has been proven as efficacious in volunteer trials. The health bonuses of such approaches offer the potential to manage many gut disorders prophylactically. However, it is imperative that the best methodologies available are applied to this area of nutritional sciences. This will undoubtedly involve a genomic application to the research and is already under way through molecular tracking of microbiota changes to diet in controlled human trials.

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“…Lesions occurred rapidly after inoculation with the necrotising enterocolitis flora (thickening of the caecal wall with gas cysts, haemorrhagic ulcerations, and necrotic areas), whereas they did not in the presence of B. infantis and B. longum. Colonisation with bifidobacteria suppressed the growth of C. butyricum and led to the complete disappearance of C. perfingens (Butel et al 1998). Additional effects of supplementation with oligofructose upon those seen with bifidobacteria alone were demonstrated in subsequent investigations in similar models.…”

Section: Data From Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Inulin and oligofructose as prebiotics in the prevention of intestinal infections and diseases

Bosscher¹,

Loo²,

Franck³

2006

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Health and wellbeing are challenged constantly by pathogens. A number of defence mechanisms exist to protect the body from pathogen colonisation and invasion, with an important role to play for the natural intestinal bacterial flora (mainly by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). The present paper reviews the evidence on the effects of inulin and oligofructose on colonisation and translocation of pathogens and the prevention of intestinal diseases. In vitro experiments have shown that lactic acid-producing bacteria have antagonistic (antibacterial) activity against pathogens partly because of the production of organic acids which are the endproducts of inulin and oligofructose fermentation. In addition, studies with epithelial layers have shown that inulin and oligofructose inhibit pathogen colonisation and that endproducts of their fermentation have the ability to support barrier function. Furthermore, studies in various animal models have shown that inulin and oligofructose accelerate the recovery of beneficial bacteria, slow down pathogen growth, decreasing pathogen colonisation and systemic translocation. Finally, data from human intervention trials either in patients with intestinal disorders or disease, or prone to critical illness, found that inulin and oligofructose restore the balance when the gut microbial community is altered, inhibit the progression of disease or prevent it from relapsing and/or developing. To conclude, the dietary use of inulin and oligofructose offers a promising approach to restore microbial communities and to support barrier function of the epithelia by their prebiotic action. This may offer the host protection against invasion and translocation of pathogens (endogenous and/or exogenous) and in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases.

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Clostridial pathogenicity in experimental necrotising enterocolitis in gnotobiotic quails and protective role of bifidobacteria

Cited by 185 publications

References 59 publications

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

Use of pigs as a potential model for research into dietary modulation of the human gut microbiota

Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation by pro- and prebiotics

Inulin and oligofructose as prebiotics in the prevention of intestinal infections and diseases

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