Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes

Silva, Rodrigo; Júnior, Carlos Augusto de Oliveira; Blanc, Dominique; Pereira, Sandra de Oliveira; Araujo, Mário Cesar Rennó de; Vasconcelos, A.V.; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.03.011

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It also is believed that lower secondary bile acid concentrations are a predisposing factor for Clostridioides difficile infections in humans. 24,25 In dogs, the pathogenicity of C difficile is less clear, 26,27 but C hiranonis may confer resistance to infection. 28 Calprotectin is a protein complex found primarily in neutrophils and is used as a noninvasive marker of intestinal inflammation in humans and dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs

Jones

Gaier

Enomoto

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Proton pump inhibitors (eg, omeprazole) commonly are administered concurrently with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; eg, carprofen) as prophylaxis to decrease the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) injury. However, evidence to support this practice is weak, and it might exacerbate dysbiosis and inflammation. Hypothesis/Objectives: To evaluate the effect of carprofen alone or combined with omeprazole in dogs. We hypothesized that coadministration of omeprazole and carprofen would significantly increase GI permeability and dysbiosis index (DI) compared to no treatment or carprofen alone. Animals: Six healthy adult colony beagle dogs. Methods: Gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation were assessed by serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, plasma iohexol concentration, fecal DI, and fecal calprotectin concentration in a prospective, 3-period design. In the first 7-day period, dogs received no intervention (baseline). During the 2nd period, dogs received 4 mg/kg of carprofen q24h PO for 7 days. In the 3rd period, dogs received 4 mg/kg of carprofen q24h and 1 mg/kg of omeprazole q12h PO for 7 days. Gastrointestinal permeability testing was performed at the end of each period. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed model analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests (P < .05). Results: Serum LPS and plasma iohexol concentrations did not differ between treatments. Fecal calprotectin concentrations differed between treatments (P = .03). The DI varied over time based on the treatment received (P = .03). Coadministration of omeprazole and carprofen significantly increased fecal calprotectin concentration and DI compared to baseline and carprofen alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs

Jones

Gaier

Enomoto

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…In symptomatic dogs found to be positive for C. difficile, it is unknown if clinical signs are attributable to C. difficile, or if it is a secondary finding. In an interesting study (76), in five dogs with chronic diarrhea that tested positive for C. difficile, diarrhea recurred after treatment with metronidazole, but ceased after diet intervention, and C. difficile was no longer detectable. These results suggesting that C. difficile was secondary to an underlying issue.…”

Section: Gut Microbiome and Gi Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

2020

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“…57 In dogs, colonization by C. difficile does not always correlate with clinical signs, and C. difficileinduced diarrhea might be secondary to other underlying diseases. [58][59][60][61] However, the correlation between BA dysmetabolism and C. difficile colonization holds true, and protection from C. difficile seems to correlate with colonization by C. hiranonis, 62 another bacterium with bile acid 7-dehydroxylation ability. 63 Clostridium hiranonis is part of the DI for dogs, 36 and has been quantified in our study by qPCR.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs

Pilla

Gaschen

Barr

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

127

146

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Background: Metronidazole has a substantial impact on the gut microbiome. However, the recovery of the microbiome after discontinuation of administration, and the metabolic consequences of such alterations have not been investigated to date. Objectives: To describe the impact of 14-day metronidazole administration, alone or in combination with a hydrolyzed protein diet, on fecal microbiome, metabolome, bile acids (BAs), and lactate production, and on serum metabolome in healthy dogs. Animals: Twenty-four healthy pet dogs. Methods: Prospective, nonrandomized controlled study. Dogs fed various commercial diets were divided in 3 groups: control group (no intervention, G1); group receiving hydrolyzed protein diet, followed by metronidazole administration (G2); and group receiving metronidazole only (G3). Microbiome composition was evaluated with sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based dysbiosis index. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of fecal and serum samples was performed, followed by targeted assays for fecal BAs and lactate. Results: No changes were observed in G1, or G2 during diet change. Metronidazole significantly changed microbiome composition in G2 and G3, including decreases in richness (P < .001) and in key bacteria such as Fusobacteria (q < 0.001) that did not fully resolve 4 weeks after metronidazole discontinuation. Fecal dysbiosis index was significantly increased (P < .001). Those changes were accompanied by increased fecal total lactate (P < .001), and decreased secondary BAs deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid (P < .001).

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Clostridioides difficile infection in dogs with chronic-recurring diarrhea responsive to dietary changes

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs

The effect of combined carprofen and omeprazole administration on gastrointestinal permeability and inflammation in dogs

The Role of the Canine Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Health and Gastrointestinal Disease

Effects of metronidazole on the fecal microbiome and metabolome in healthy dogs

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