Clostridium Botulinum Type E

Type E Botulism: A Hazard of the North

“…In fact, the prototype strains of C1. botulinum type E were isolated in 1934-35 from the intestines of sturgeon in the Soviet Ukraine (Gunnison et al 1936), where type A and B strains had been demonstrated earlier in similar fish (Dolman and Chang 1953). Subsequently, type E cultures were obtained from the intestinal contents of one out of 176 fish caught in northern France (PrCvot and Huet, 1951) ; of 10 out of 12 dead fish floating in Hachiro Lagoon, Northern Honshu (Saito and Fujisawa 1955) ; of an unspecified number caught in Lake Abashiri, Hokkaido (Nakamura et al 1956) ; and of a salmon caught in the Strait of Georgia, near Vancouver, B.C.…”

Historical and current perspectives on Clostridium botulinum diversity

“…Type E strains were isolated in the 1930s by Russian researchers Kurochkin and Emelyanuck [84]. Shortly after this, Dr. Elizabeth Hazen, from the New York Department of Health, characterized a toxic C. botulinum strain that produced a toxin that was not neutralized by type A, B, or C antitoxin [62], Several Russian isolates were sent to Dr. Janet Gunnison at the Meyer laboratory, who confirmed that they were a fifth, serologically distinct toxin serotype [53].…”

Analysis of Clostridium botulinum Serotype E Strains by Using Multilocus Sequence Typing, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis, and Botulinum Neurotoxin Gene Sequencing

“…AFLP reactions and analysis were performed as previously described (7). Briefly, DNA preparations were digested with two restriction endonucleases, EcoRI and MseI, and the resulting fragments were ligated to linkers.…”