Clostridium botulinum Type F: Isolation from Venison Jerky

Midura, Thaddeus F.; Nygaard, G. S.; Wood, R. M.; Bodily, Howard L.

doi:10.1128/aem.24.2.165-167.1972

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Botulinum neurotoxins, produced by diverse clostridia, cause a severe form of paralysis known as botulism. BoNT-producing clostridia have been cultivated from many sources ( 43 – 51 ), and biochemical attributes and BoNT typing are used to characterize isolates ( 23 ). Both gel-based and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays have been developed to identify the BoNT serotype of an isolate ( 24 – 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia with a Simple, Multiplex PCR Assay

Williamson

Vazquez

Hill

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Diverse members of the genus Clostridium produce botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which cause a flaccid paralysis known as botulism. While multiple species of clostridia produce BoNTs, the majority of human botulism cases have been attributed to Clostridium botulinum groups I and II. Recent comparative genomic studies have demonstrated the genomic diversity within these BoNT-producing species. This report introduces a multiplex PCR assay for differentiating members of C. botulinum group I, C. sporogenes, and two major subgroups within C. botulinum group II. Coding region sequences unique to each of the four species/subgroups were identified by in silico analyses of thousands of genome assemblies, and PCR primers were designed to amplify each marker. The resulting multiplex PCR assay correctly assigned 41 tested isolates to the appropriate species or subgroup. A separate PCR assay to determine the presence of the ntnh gene (a gene associated with the botulinum neurotoxin gene cluster) was developed and validated. The ntnh gene PCR assay provides information about the presence or absence of the botulinum neurotoxin gene cluster and the type of gene cluster present (ha positive [ha+] or orfX+). The increased availability of whole-genome sequence data and comparative genomic tools enabled the design of these assays, which provide valuable information for characterizing BoNT-producing clostridia. The PCR assays are rapid, inexpensive tests that can be applied to a variety of sample types to assign isolates to species/subgroups and to detect clostridia with botulinum neurotoxin gene (bont) clusters.IMPORTANCE Diverse clostridia produce the botulinum neurotoxin, one of the most potent known neurotoxins. In this study, a multiplex PCR assay was developed to differentiate clostridia that are most commonly isolated in connection with human botulism cases: C. botulinum group I, C. sporogenes, and two major subgroups within C. botulinum group II. Since BoNT-producing and nontoxigenic isolates can be found in each species, a PCR assay to determine the presence of the ntnh gene, which is a universally present component of bont gene clusters, and to provide information about the type (ha+ or orfX+) of bont gene cluster present in a sample was also developed. The PCR assays provide simple, rapid, and inexpensive tools for screening uncharacterized isolates from clinical or environmental samples. The information provided by these assays can inform epidemiological studies, aid with identifying mixtures of isolates and unknown isolates in culture collections, and confirm the presence of bacteria of interest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiating Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia with a Simple, Multiplex PCR Assay

Williamson

Vazquez

Hill

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Type F botulism causes <1% of botulism cases in the USA [4]. It was first recognized in an outbreak in Denmark in 1958 [5] associated with homemade pâté; the first reported outbreak in the USA occurred in 1966 [6]. Since 1981, 14 cases of adult botulism type F have been reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona:Clostridium baratiiandClostridium botulinum

et al. 2012

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Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disorder that can be potentially life-threatening. In Barcelona, Spain, no outbreaks had been reported in the past 25 years. However, in September 2011, two outbreaks occurred involving two different families. A rare case of Clostridium baratii which produced a neurotoxin F outbreak was detected in five family members who had shared lunch, and several days before that another family was affected by C. botulinum toxin A which was probably present in homemade pâté.

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“…Botulinum neurotoxin subtype F6 is exclusively formed by strains of C. botulinum Group II, and small differences (amino acid difference of 0.2%) were described between seven examples of this botulinum neurotoxin subtype [3,16]. The 14 strains of C. botulinum Group II type F examined in the present study comprised one isolate from an outbreak of foodborne botulism involving venison jerky in USA [61], with most of the remaining strains being non-clinical isolates [25], and one strain unknown. A majority of the strains originated from north America (Table S1).…”

Section: Botulinum Neurotoxins and Their Encoding Genesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pan-Genomic Analysis of Clostridium botulinum Group II (Non-Proteolytic C. botulinum) Associated with Foodborne Botulism and Isolated from the Environment

Brunt

Vliet

Stringer

et al. 2020

Toxins

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The neurotoxin formed by Clostridium botulinum Group II is a major cause of foodborne botulism, a deadly intoxication. This study aims to understand the genetic diversity and spread of C. botulinum Group II strains and their neurotoxin genes. A comparative genomic study has been conducted with 208 highly diverse C. botulinum Group II strains (180 newly sequenced strains isolated from 16 countries over 80 years, 28 sequences from Genbank). Strains possessed a single type B, E, or F neurotoxin gene or were closely related strains with no neurotoxin gene. Botulinum neurotoxin subtype variants (including novel variants) with a unique amino acid sequence were identified. Core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified two major lineages—one with type E strains, and the second dominated by subtype B4 strains with subtype F6 strains. This study revealed novel details of population structure/diversity and established relationships between whole-genome lineage, botulinum neurotoxin subtype variant, association with foodborne botulism, epidemiology, and geographical source. Additionally, the genome sequences represent a valuable resource for the research community (e.g., understanding evolution of C. botulinum and its neurotoxin genes, dissecting key aspects of C. botulinum Group II biology). This may contribute to improved risk assessments and the prevention of foodborne botulism.

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Clostridium botulinum Type F: Isolation from Venison Jerky

Abstract: A Clostridium botulinum type F was isolated from the venison jerky responsible for the only type F botulism outbreak reported in the United States. The isolate differed from the prototype Langeland type F strain in being nonproteolytic.

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Differentiating Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia with a Simple, Multiplex PCR Assay

Differentiating Botulinum Neurotoxin-Producing Clostridia with a Simple, Multiplex PCR Assay

Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona:Clostridium baratiiandClostridium botulinum

Pan-Genomic Analysis of Clostridium botulinum Group II (Non-Proteolytic C. botulinum) Associated with Foodborne Botulism and Isolated from the Environment

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