Clostridium innocuum is a vancomycin-resistant pathogen that may cause antibiotic-associated diarrhoea

Chia, Ju‐Hsin; Wu, Ting‐Shu; Wu, Tsu‐Lan; Chen, Chyi‐Liang; Chuang, Chih-Hsien; Su, Lin‐Hui; Chang, Hsien‐Kun; Lu, Cuihua; Kuo, An-Jing; Lai, Hsin‐Chih; Chiu, Cheng-Hsun

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.02.015

Cited by 49 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The increased abundance of Clostridium innocuum after antibiotic treatment in all diet groups can be attributed to its ability to produce peptidoglycan precursors with a C-terminal serine, which have a low affinity for vancomycin (57). This organism's resistance to vancomycin is a potential cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans, with effects similar to those seen with CDI (58).…”

Section: Effect Of a High-fat/low-protein Keto-like Diet On Antibiotimentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates Clostridioides ( Clostridium ) difficile Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects

et al. 2020

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Clostridioides difficile (formerly Clostridium difficile) infection (CDI) can result from the disruption of the resident gut microbiota. Western diets and popular weight-loss diets drive large changes in the gut microbiome; however, the literature is conflicted with regard to the effect of diet on CDI. Using the hypervirulent strain C. difficile R20291 (RT027) in a mouse model of antibiotic-induced CDI, we assessed disease outcome and microbial community dynamics in mice fed two high-fat diets in comparison with a high-carbohydrate diet and a standard rodent diet. The two high-fat diets exacerbated CDI, with a high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-like diet leading to severe CDI and 100% mortality and a high-fat/low-protein, medium-chain-triglyceride (MCT)-like diet inducing highly variable CDI outcomes. In contrast, mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet were protected from CDI, despite the high levels of refined carbohydrate and low levels of fiber in the diet. A total of 28 members of the Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased in abundance due to diet and/or antibiotic treatment; these organisms may compete with C. difficile for amino acids and protect healthy animals from CDI in the absence of antibiotics. Together, these data suggest that antibiotic treatment might lead to loss of C. difficile competitors and create a favorable environment for C. difficile proliferation and virulence with effects that are intensified by high-fat/high-protein diets; in contrast, high-carbohydrate diets might be protective regardless of the source of carbohydrate or of antibiotic-driven loss of C. difficile competitors. IMPORTANCE The role of Western and weight-loss diets with extreme macronutrient composition in the risk and progression of CDI is poorly understood. In a longitudinal study, we showed that a high-fat/high-protein, Atkins-type diet greatly exacerbated antibiotic-induced CDI, whereas a high-carbohydrate diet protected, despite the high monosaccharide and starch content. Our study results, therefore, suggest that popular high-fat/high-protein weight-loss diets may enhance CDI risk during antibiotic treatment, possibly due to the synergistic effects of a loss of the microorganisms that normally inhibit C. difficile overgrowth and an abundance of amino acids that promote C. difficile overgrowth. In contrast, a high-carbohydrate diet might be protective, despite reports on the recent evolution of enhanced carbohydrate metabolism in C. difficile.

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Section: Effect Of a High-fat/low-protein Keto-like Diet On Antibiotimentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates Clostridioides ( Clostridium ) difficile Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects

et al. 2020

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“…There were several important differences in the canine training and the evaluation methods that may account for the observed difference in results [3] . In this study, canister work (the scent carousel) was used exclusively for the inter-rater reliability assessment in order to evaluate only odour recognition and not search capability [5] , [8] , [9] . In addition, the Vancouver Coastal Health canine teams used scent pads that contained only the odour of the CD-positive faecal specimens or the distractor (CD-negative specimens) rather than the actual faeces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile using canine teams: What does the nose know?

Charles

Wang

Zurberg

et al. 2019

Infection Prevention in Practice

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Summary Background Trained canines are capable of detecting Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile (CD) in the environment; however, the primary odour of interest on which the dogs alert is unclear. Aim To evaluate the inter-rater reliability of two canine detection teams for their ability to discriminate between scent pads containing CD-toxin-positive and -negative odours and their ability to discriminate between clostridial strains. Methods During a six-month period, two canine teams were tested weekly for their ability to detect CD-toxin-positive odours and discriminate between these and -negative odours. To further determine the canines' discrimination capability, scent pads impregnated with odours from reference isolates representing common CD toxin types (including toxin-negative CD isolates) or from clinical isolates representing other clostridial species were used. Results A total of 264 samples were tested with an overall sensitivity of 94.7% (Team A) and 86.8% (Team B) and specificities of 96.9% and 98.7%, respectively. Inter-rater reliability was very good (Cohen's kappa 0.87). When challenged with toxin- and non-toxin-producing strains, the teams alerted on 96.3% of all CD isolate odours (including nontoxigenic strains) and 46.7% of closely related species. Conclusions The canine teams exhibited strong inter-rater reliability on both clinical faecal specimens and reference CD isolates (both toxin and non-toxin producing) but were challenged to discriminate between CD and closely related clostridial species. These findings strongly support the development of scent detection programmes provided dogs and their handlers are properly trained and used in the right context.

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“…Recently, Chia and colleagues reported that C. innocuum is the second most common clostridial species causing extraintestinal infection ( 2 ) and is a cause of a Clostridioides difficile -like intestinal infection ( 3 ). These isolates were vancomycin resistant, cytotoxic to Vero and HT-29 cells, and enteropathogenic in mice ( 3 ). With this reconsideration of C. innocuum pathogenicity, the complete genome sequence of strain ATCC 14501 is needed.…”

Section: Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium innocuum Strain ATCC 14501

Cherny

Ozer

Kochan

et al. 2020

Microbiol Resour Announc

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Clostridium innocuum is a vancomycin-resistant pathogen that may cause antibiotic-associated diarrhoea

Abstract: Vancomycin-resistant C. innocuum may play a potential role as a causative agent of AAD. The clinical manifestations of AAD caused by C. innocuum were diarrhoea or severe colitis, including pseudomembranous colitis.

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates Clostridioides ( Clostridium ) difficile Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects

A High-Fat/High-Protein, Atkins-Type Diet Exacerbates Clostridioides ( Clostridium ) difficile Infection in Mice, whereas a High-Carbohydrate Diet Protects

Detecting Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile using canine teams: What does the nose know?

Complete Genome Sequence of Clostridium innocuum Strain ATCC 14501

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