Clostridium perfringens in the Environment1

Matches, Jack R.; Liston, J.; Curran, Donald

doi:10.1128/aem.28.4.655-660.1974

Cited by 57 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In herbivorous fishes, Clostridium species have been associated with potentially beneficial roles in vitamin and fatty acid synthesis (48) and the production of metabolic enzymes for catabolism (49). Species such as C. perfringens are common food-born pathogens in humans and have been found previously in diverse fishes (e.g.,50,51). In our study, the proportional representation of C. perfringens was undoubtedly influenced by swings in taxa such as Photobacterium that increased rapidly after feeding (and vice versa).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding rapidly alters microbiome composition and gene transcription in the clownfish gut

Parris

Morgan

Stewart

2018

Preprint

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BackgroundDiet is a major determinant of intestinal microbiome composition. While studies have evaluated microbiome responses to diet variation, less is understood of how the act of feeding influences the microbiome, independent of diet type. Here, we use the clownfish Premnas biaculeatus, a species reared commonly in ornamental marine aquaculture, to test how the diversity, predicted gene content, and gene transcription of the microbiome vary over a two-day diurnal period with a single daily feeding event. This study used fish fed four times daily, once daily, or every three days prior to the diurnal period, allowing us also to test how feeding frequency affected microbiome diversity. The amount of time between feedings had no affect on baseline diversity of the microbiome. In contrast, the act of feeding itself caused a significant short term change in the microbiome, with microbiome diversity, predicted gene content, and gene transcription varying significantly between time points immediately before and 1.5 hours post feeding. Variation was driven by abundance shifts involving exact sequence variants (ESVs), with one ESV identified as Photobacterium sp. increasing from <0.5% of sequences immediately pre-feeding to 34% at 1.5 hours post-feeding. Other ESVs from a range of microbial groups also increased dramatically after feeding, with the majority also detected in the food. One ESV identified as Clostridium perfringens represented up to 55% of sequences but did not vary significantly over the diurnal period and was not detected in the food. Post-feeding samples were enriched in transcripts and predicted genes for social interactions, cell motility, and coping with foreign DNA, whereas time points farther from feeding were enriched in genes of diverse catabolic and biosynthetic functions. These results confirm feeding as a significant destabilizing force in clownfish intestinal microbiomes, likely due to both input of cells attached to food and stimulation of resident microbes. Microbes such as Photobacterium may episodically transition from environmental reservoirs to growth in the gut, likely in association with food particles. This transition may be facilitated by functions for navigating a new environment and interacting with neighboring microbes and host cells. Other taxa, such as Clostridium, are comparatively stable intestinal members and less likely to be affected by passing food. Conclusions about microbiome ecology may therefore differ based on when samples were collected relative to the last feeding.ImportanceDespite extensive study of intestinal microbiome diversity and the role of diet type in structuring gut microbial communities, we know very little about short-term changes in the intestinal microbiome as a result of feeding alone. Sampling microbiomes over a feeding cycle will allow us to differentiate opportunistic, feeding-responsive microbes from resident, potentially commensal members of the gut community. Also, since feeding has the potential to alter microbiome structure, sampling at different points relative to the last feeding event will likely yield different conclusions about microbiome composition and function. This variation should be addressed in comparative microbiome studies. Our study contributes to knowledge of short-term changes in the gut microbiome associated with feeding events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding rapidly alters microbiome composition and gene transcription in the clownfish gut

Parris

Morgan

Stewart

2018

Preprint

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“…Several genera were detected in lungs, internal organs, and blood of the drowned group, but only in the lung samples of the postmortem submersion group, for example, Clostridium, Clostridium_g4, Brucella, Rhodococcus, Brevibacterium, Chryseobacterium, Serratia, and Pantoea. Although all these microorganisms were not identified in the water samples, some of the following bacteria can be found in aquatic environments: Brucella (38), Rhodococcus (15,39), Brevibacterium (40,41), Chryseobacterium (42), Serratia (43,44), and Pantoea (45) in the seawater group and Clostridium (46,47) in the freshwater group. These findings suggest that inhaled aquatic microbes may penetrate the lungs and alveolar walls during drowning and are distributed to the internal organs via the circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota Composition and Pulmonary Surfactant Protein Expression as Markers of Death by Drowning

Lee

Woo

Lee

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Pathological diagnosis of drowning remains a challenge for forensic science, because of a lack of pathognomonic findings. We analyzed microbiota and surfactant protein in the lungs for a novel diagnosis of drowning. All rats were divided into drowning, postmortem submersion, and control groups. The water, lungs, closed organs (kidney and liver), and cardiac blood in rats were assayed by targeting 16S ribosomal RNA of Miseq sequencing. Lung samples were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for surfactant protein A. The closed organs and cardiac blood of drowned group have a lot of aquatic microbes, which have not been detected in postmortem submersion group. Furthermore, intra-alveolar granular staining of surfactant protein A (SP-A) was severely observed in the drowned group than the postmortem submersion and control groups. The findings suggested that the presence of aquatic microbiota in the closed organs and increased expression of SP-A could be markers for a diagnosis of drowning.

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“…However, the spores cannot germinate (Paredes-Sabja et al 2008), and the vegetative bacteria cannot grow (U.S. FDA 2003) outside the pH range of 5.5-9.0. Presence of such spores in fish waste represents no serious environmental threat as they are already a normal component of natural habitats like soils and marine sediments (Matches, Liston & Curran 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by‐products is inactivated with inorganic acid (pH 1) and base (pH 12)

Myrmel

Modahl

Nygaard

et al. 2013

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. Microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (HCl) or base (KOH) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) as a model organism for fish pathogens. Salmonella and spores of Clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. IPNV, which is considered to be among the most chemical- and heat-resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by more than 3 log in 4 h at pH 1.0 and pH 12.0. Salmonella was rapidly inactivated by the same treatment, whereas spores of C. perfringens were hardly affected. The results indicate that low and high pH treatment could be particularly suitable for fish waste destined for biogas production. pH treatment at aquaculture production sites could reduce the spread of fish pathogens during storage and transportation without disturbing the anaerobic digestion process. The treatment could also be an alternative to the current energy-intensive steam pressure sterilization of fish waste to be used by the bioenergy, fertilizer and soil improver industries.

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Clostridium perfringens in the Environment1

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

Feeding rapidly alters microbiome composition and gene transcription in the clownfish gut

Feeding rapidly alters microbiome composition and gene transcription in the clownfish gut

Microbiota Composition and Pulmonary Surfactant Protein Expression as Markers of Death by Drowning

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by‐products is inactivated with inorganic acid (pH 1) and base (pH 12)

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