Clostridium perfringens type E enteritis in calves: two cases and a brief review of the literature

Songer, J. Glenn; Miskimmins, Dale W

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.05.001

Cited by 51 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Type E is not a human strain; it was detected postmortem in ovine and bovine intestines (32). There are only two reports about type E enterotoxemia (13) and enteritis in calves and lambs (31). This suggests that the fish might be the source of type E in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens Types A, E, and C in Fresh Fish and Its Public Health Significance

Sabry

El-Moein

Hamza

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Protection

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Fish remains among the most traded of food commodities, and Egypt is one of the emerging countries being recognized as an important world fish exporter. Clostridium perfringens is an important foodborne pathogen to consider in fish trade, as it has been implicated as the causative organism of two fish outbreaks. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and toxin diversity of C. perfringens associated with fresh and canned fish and to examine the public health significance of C. perfringens infection in fish. Isolation and identification of C. perfringens showed a significantly higher prevalence of the bacterium in fresh fish collected from aquaculture (54.5%) and from markets (71%) as well as in humans in contact with fish (63%) compared with water used for keeping fresh fish (27.3%) and water used in canned fish (17.8%). The isolation level was significantly higher in samples from the external surface of fresh fish (31.8% in aquaculture, 45.6% in markets) than from the intestinal contents of the same fish (9.1% in aquaculture, 6.7% in markets). Thus, markets represent a risk factor for contamination of the external surface of fish from the surrounding environment. Genotyping of the C. perfringens-positive isolates by using multiplex PCR revealed that type A enterotoxin-negative (CPE(-)) is the predominant strain among fish (fresh and canned), humans, and water in contact with fresh fish. Interestingly, C. perfringens types A enterotoxin-positive (CPE(+)) and C were found only in fresh fish, and these two strains have great health importance in humans. Strikingly, C. perfringens type E strain was detected for the first time in fish, humans, and water in contact with fresh fish. Our results demonstrate for the first time that fish act as a reservoir for C. perfringens, particularly for types A CPE(+), C, and E. The external surface of fish represents a vehicle for contamination of fish from the surrounding environment as well as a source of infection of humans, thereby representing a public health hazard.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens Types A, E, and C in Fresh Fish and Its Public Health Significance

Sabry

El-Moein

Hamza

et al. 2016

Journal of Food Protection

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“…4,15,30,45,[47][48][49] Type E has also been isolated in cases of abomasitis but seems to be rare. 47,49,50 Clostridial abomasitis has been reproduced experimentally by intraruminal inoculation of C perfringens type A in calves. 51 Clostridial abomasitis may be present by itself or combined with enteritis.…”

Section: Clostridial Abomasitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridial Abomasitis and Enteritis in Ruminants

Simpson

Callan

Metre

2018

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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Clostridial abomasitis and enteritis are important alimentary diseases observed in all domestic ruminant species. These diseases most commonly result from overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens types A, B, C, D, and E with the associated release of bacterial exotoxins that result in necrosis of the abomasal or intestinal mucosa. Clostridium difficile may also be associated with enteritis in calves but is much less common than disease caused by C perfringens. This article reviews the causes, pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of clostridial gastrointestinal diseases in ruminants. Particular emphasis is given to describing the various forms of disease and treatment of individual cases.

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“…Synergism between proplis and antibiotics for treatment of enterotoxaemia in calves due to C. perfringens type A and C show great results (Masoud et al, 2008). Commercial toxoids available for vaccination against C. perfringens, is not effective against type E infections (Songer and Miskimmins, 2004). Clostridia mode of action is to produce one or more potent toxins.…”

Section: Control and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

Muktar¹,

Gezhagne²,

Biruk³

et al. 2015

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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Calf diarrheic diseases result from complex interactions of the environment. Infectious agents and the calf itself are the major constraints for raising replacement stock. Calf diarrhea is a multi factorial disease entity that can have serious financial and animal welfare implications in both dairy and beef sucker herds and is one of the most common diseases reported in calves up to 3 months old. Among the bacterial causes of diarrhea in neonatal food animals, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are the most common and economically important ones. Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter species have also been identified as causes of enteric diseases in calf diarrhea other, Non-infectious factors, such as insufficient uptake of colostrum, poor sanitation, stress, overcrowding in the calf pens and cold weather, could cause neonatal calf diarrhea. The most prominent virulence factors identified in bacterial diarrhea are expression of fimbrial (pili) antigens that enables the bacteria to adhere and to colonize the luminal surface of the small bowel and elaboration of one or more enterotoxins that influence intestinal secretion of fluids. Various laboratory methods have been applied for the detection of infectious agents of calf diarrhea in fecal sample such as, bacterial culture, electron microscopy, molecular based techniques (PCR, DNA microarray) and serological techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, latex agglutination test). Accurate and rapid early confirmation of the etiology in the disease outbreak as well as improving the various management factors are advised, for effective control and prevention of enteric disease in newborn calves. Treatment with rehydration solutions and provision of dry and warm conditions are vital in the treatment of calf diarrhoea.

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Clostridium perfringens type E enteritis in calves: two cases and a brief review of the literature

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens Types A, E, and C in Fresh Fish and Its Public Health Significance

Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens Types A, E, and C in Fresh Fish and Its Public Health Significance

Clostridial Abomasitis and Enteritis in Ruminants

A review on major bacterial causes of calf diarrhea and its diagnostic method

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