Clostridium tetanomorphum sp. nov., nom. rev.

Abstract

A total of 46 glutamate-degrading strains of the genus Clostridium, including 36 new isolates, were examined for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homology, protein patterns produced by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and physiological characteristics in order to determine the differences between Clostridium cochleurium and "Clostridium tetunomorphum." Thirty-four newly isolated strains could be assigned to the "C.tetunomorphum" group; two strains were classified as nontoxigenic Clostridium tetuni strains. The levels of DNA-DNA homology between C. cochleurium and "C. tetunomorphum" were only 10 to 19%, and the protein patterns showed that there were great differences between both groups and other glutamate-degrading species.Biochemical tests supported these results. In contrast to C. cochleurium, all "C. tetunomorphum" strains fermented carbohydrates (at least glucose and maltose); they also produced lipase and degraded ethanolamine. Moreover, C. cochleurium, like other glutamate-degrading species, needed a higher concentration of yeast extract than "C. tetunomorphum" when it was grown on glutamate. On the basis of our results we propose C. tetunomorphum sp. nov., nom. rev. The type strain is strain NCTC 543 (= DSM 4474).Formerly, the classical glutamate-fermenting clostridial species included Clostridium cochlearium (Douglas, Fleming, and Colebrook 1919) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer, and Huntoon 1923; Clostridium tetanomorphum" (Bulloch,

Purification and characterization of an extracellular lipase from Clostridium tetanomorphum

“…When C. tetanomorphum was grown in CBM-medium containing L-glutamate and glycerol, lipase activity was detected in the culture supernatant after the consumption of L-glutamate. Since C. tetanomorphum can only oxidize glycerol, its anaerobic utilization is dependent on the presence of acetate and butyrate that is produced during glutamate fermentation (Wilde et al 1989). The production of lipase activity by C. tetanomorphum was correlated with growth.…”

“…This organism has been described as an anaerobic glycerol utilizer, which is able to hydrolyse tributyrin (Wilde et al 1989). The latter indicated the production of an extracellular lipolytic enzyme.…”

Characterization of the Coenzyme‐B12–Dependent Glutamate Mutase from Clostridium cochlearium Produced in Escherichia coli

“…Both of them exhibit about 80% identity at the DNA level as well as at the amino acid level to the corresponding genes from C. tetunomorphum (mutL and mutS). The high grade of sequence identities of these genes of the two bacteria is not surprising because they are phylogenetically closely related (Wilde et al, 1989).…”

“…For DNA preparation, C. cochlearium was grown anaerobically in the medium described by Wilde et al (1989). E. coli strain DH5 (Hanahan, 1985), which was used for cloning, sequencing and expression experiments, was cultivated aerobically at 37°C on Standard I nutrient broth.…”

Clostridium lundense sp. nov., a novel anaerobic lipolytic bacterium isolated from bovine rumen

“…In the genus Clostridium, whose members exhibit a wide range of phenotypic characteristics (Van Dyke & McCarthy, 2002), to the authors' knowledge, only 10 members of the genus have been reported to produce lipase, Clostridium botulinum, C. aurantibutyricum, C. novyi, C. sporogens (Dighe et al, 1998), C. tetanomorphum, C. tetani (Wilde et al, 1989(Wilde et al, , 1997, C. ghonii (Sneath, 1986), C. aerotolerans (van Gylswyk & van der Toorn, 1987), isolate LIP5 (Jarvis et al, 1998) and isolate LIP1 (Jarvis et al, 1999). However, little has been reported about their actual lipolytic activity.…”