Fibrin sealant is a complex plasma-derived product which is increasingly used as
a biodegradable tissue adhesive or sealant to stop or control bleeding or provide
air and fluid tightness in many surgical situations. This review describes the historical
development of current fibrin sealant preparations and the scientific rationale
behind the alleged physiological benefits of its major plasma-derived components.
A comparison in the extraction methods and viral reduction treatments
applied to current commercial products and autologous preparations, and their
respective advantages and limits, are discussed. Application devices used for surgical
applications are described. A survey of the major clinical applications in
various surgical areas is presented. Current issues in terms of viral safety, definition
of optimal fibrin sealant composition, and regulatory concerns, especially to
demonstrate clinical efficacy, are also included.