Clothianidin in the Tropical Sugarcane Ecosystem: Soil Persistence and Environmental Risk Assessment Under Different Organic Manuring

Assessing influences of farmyard manure addition, elevated CO2, soil sterilization, soil types, and soil moisture on clothianidin dissipation kinetics

“…On the contrary, the addition of FYM in soil only results in a slight decrease of neonicotinoid dissipation against non-manurial soil, indicative of the adsorption process (Ramasubramanian, 2020). Organic manuring of clothianidin in sandy clay loam soil reduces dissipation in manurial soils (21 days) compared to non-manurial soil (22.4-24.8 days), resulting in an insignificant effect of organic manures on clothianidin persistence that lasts only up to 90 days after treatment (Ramasubramanian, 2021).…”

“…FYM can improve soil fertility and soil quality, leading to substantial gains in crop production (Liang et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2010;Mandal et al, 2007;Tadesse et al, 2013); and the use of FYM is reported to greatly affect the dissipation rate of pesticides (Ramasubramanian 2020;Suyal et al, 2018). Clothianidin persistence in sandy clay loam soil under tropical sugarcane ecosystem recorded a positive effect as a result of organic manuring (Ramasubramanian 2021). In fact, there has been mounting concern about global warming because of the rising green house gases in the atmosphere, such as CO , that 2 could potentially alter the fate of pesticide dissipation in the environment (Kumar et al, 2017;Mukherjee et al, 2016).…”