Clothing Drawstring Entrapment in Playground Slides and School Buses

Drago, Dorothy A.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170380076012

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In a few cases, it also may reflect features of bus design such as pinch points that entrap clothing drawstrings, causing exiting passengers to be dragged beneath the bus. 9 For buses, the relative risks of pedestrian fatalities are high, yet they are still in a sense underestimates because they do not include other deaths to which buses may have contributed, such as those of pedestrians struck by other vehicles while crossing the street in front of or behind a bus. The increased risk that a motorcyclist has of killing a pedestrian has not been noted previously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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United States pedestrian fatality rates by vehicle type

Paulozzi¹

2005

Inj Prev

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Objective: To describe the relation between motor vehicle type and the risk of fatally injuring a pedestrian. Design: The risk of killing a pedestrian was measured as the number of pedestrian fatalities per billion miles of vehicle travel by each vehicle type in the US in 2002 as reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Interventions: None. Main outcome measures: Rates for each vehicle type by sex, age, and rural/urban roadway type and rate comparisons using relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Passenger cars and light trucks (vans, pickups, and sport utility vehicles) accounted for 46.1% and 39.1%, respectively, of the 4875 deaths, with the remainder split among motorcycles, buses, and heavy trucks. Compared with cars, the RR of killing a pedestrian per vehicle mile was 7.97 (95% CI 6.33 to 10.04) for buses; 1.93 (95% CI 1.30 to 2.86) for motorcycles; 1.45 (95% CI 1.37 to 1.55) for light trucks, and 0.96 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.18) for heavy trucks. Compared with cars, buses were 11.85 times (95% CI 6.07 to 23.12) and motorcycles were 3.77 times (95% CI 1.40 to 10.20) more likely per mile to kill children 0-14 years old. Buses were 16.70 times (95% CI 7.30 to 38.19) more likely to kill adults age 85 or older than were cars. The risk of killing a pedestrian per vehicle mile traveled in an urban area was 1.57 times (95% CI 1.47 to 1.67) the risk in a rural area. Conclusions: Outcomes reflect the ways in which a vehicle's characteristics (mass, front end design, and visibility) and its degree of interaction with pedestrians affect its risk per mile. Modifications in vehicle design might reduce pedestrian injury. The greatest impact on overall US pedestrian mortality will result from reducing the risk from the light truck category.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may in part reflect a greater use of buses by females; in fact, the 2001 NHTS shows that females travel 26% more miles by bus annually. 16 In the study of clothing drawstring entrapment in school buses, 11 of 12 injured victims were girls, 9 suggesting that the design of clothing for females may also be contributing to the risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

United States pedestrian fatality rates by vehicle type

Paulozzi¹

2005

Inj Prev

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“…Drawstrings in the neck and hood areas of outerwear garments present a strangulation hazard when they become caught in gaps or on protuberances from objects such as playground slides. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Additionally, waist-level drawstrings can become entangled in school bus handrails or doors, presenting a hazard to children when buses pull away after a stop. 3,7 From January 1985 through September 1995, the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) received reports of 17 fatal injuries and 42 cases of nonfatal injuries or potential injuries involving children whose hood or waist-level drawstrings became entangled on playground equipment, school bus handrails, and other common items.…”

Section: Rawstrings In Chil-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Effects of Drawstring Requirements for Children's Upper Outerwear Garments

Rodgers¹,

Topping²

2012

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the requirements of the voluntary safety standard for drawstrings on children's upper outerwear garments in preventing child deaths resulting from drawstring entanglement. Design: An interrupted time series design. Annual estimates of drawstring-related child deaths were developed for the study period of January 1985 to December 2009. A Poisson regression model for rate data was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the drawstring requirements during the postintervention period. Setting: United States. Subjects: Children aged 14 years and younger. Intervention: The application of the drawstring requirements of the voluntary standard that were adopted in 1997. Main Outcome Measure: The estimated percentage reduction in the drawstring-related child mortality rate associated with the application of the drawstring requirements. Results: The drawstring requirements of the voluntary standard were associated with a 90.9% (95% CI, 83.8%-96.1%) reduction in the drawstring-related mortality rate. This suggests the prevention of about 50 child deaths from 1997, when the voluntary standard was adopted, through the end of our study period in 2009. Conclusions: The requirements of the voluntary safety standard for drawstrings have been highly effective in preventing deaths resulting from the entanglement of drawstrings in children's upper outerwear garments.

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“…During the intervention week, our research assistant posted two bulletins in the waiting rooms -one pertaining to the dangers of venetian blinds 9,10 and the other to the risk of strangulation from clothing drawstrings. [11][12][13] Both posters were originally issued in the 1990s and reprinted for this study. Paediatricians were asked not to change their behaviour with respect to safety counselling.…”

Section: As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Product-related Injuries

Pless

Hagel

Patel

et al. 2007

Can J Public Health

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Background: The Product Safety Programme (PSP) of Health Canada is responsible for preventing product-related injuries. If PSP decides a product is dangerous, it can publicize its dangers, prohibit, or control its distribution; but for child products, the preferred option is to publicize its concerns. In the past, this included sending posters to paediatricians' offices and, more recently, placing alerts on the PSP website. This study examines the effectiveness of this process. Methods: 15 Montreal paediatricians participated in a modified crossover randomized trial. During a randomly chosen intervention week, two product-related notices were posted in the paediatricians' waiting area. In the following or preceding week, these notices did not appear. Parents were interviewed by telephone to determine if they saw the posters and acted on the information received. Results: We interviewed 808 parents (86%) of the 940 who agreed to participate. Of these, only 16% of the intervention and less than 1% of the control group reported seeing the posters. There were no differences in reported changes in behaviours related to the notices. These findings are unchanged after taking account of socioeconomic status. No parents cited the posters, websites, or paediatricians as their main source of information about dangerous products. Conclusion: Product safety notices, whether sent to paediatricians' practices or posted on a website, cannot be relied upon to reach parents of preschool age children. Other approaches require consideration, such as increasing the power of PSP to regulate product safety. Mesh terms: Health promotion; public health; safety management; promotion of health; knowledge/attitudes/practices La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Clothing Drawstring Entrapment in Playground Slides and School Buses

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

United States pedestrian fatality rates by vehicle type

United States pedestrian fatality rates by vehicle type

Safety Effects of Drawstring Requirements for Children's Upper Outerwear Garments

Preventing Product-related Injuries

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