Cloud cover and horizontal plane eye damaging solar UV exposures

Parisi, Alfio V.; Downs, Nathan

doi:10.1007/s00484-004-0213-7

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The polysulphone dosimeters were calibrated against a scanning spectroradiometer located on a building rooftop nearby. The spectroradiometer (model DTM 300, Bentham Instruments, Reading, UK) has been running for several years and has been described previously 30 . An air conditioning unit has been added to stabilise the temperature within the environmentally sealed box to 25.0 °C ± 0.5 °C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the influence of UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces on humans

Turner

Parisi

2009

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Erythemal UV exposure for individuals involved in outside activities are affected according to surrounding structures in an urban environment. Occupational UV exposure is likely to increase by the effects of surrounding structures. UV reflections from surrounding structures, in this case vertical metal walls, were investigated for their influence on erythemal UV exposure in the southern hemisphere. Multiple dosimeters were placed at specific features on head forms, for three different vertical wall conditions, measured at hourly intervals, providing a more detailed representation of the effect of nearby (north facing) reflective wall, non-reflective wall and no wall on UV exposure for a construction worker facing the wall direction. Two types of metal sheeting walls were investigated, with the first type (shiny and smooth in appearance) showing results that indicate the UV reflectance from this surface can increase the average erythemal UV exposure by at least 20% and up to an average of 50% for certain facial positions, compared to no wall and up to 300% compared to a non reflective wall. A second metal sheeting type coated with colour, does not show as much influence on UV exposure for larger solar zenith angles compared to the first type of metal sheeting, but for smaller solar zenith angles provides an influence that approaches similar erythemal UV exposure to that when no wall is present. The time to reach the exposure limits defined by regulatory bodies for occupational UV exposure can be decreased if the first type of metal sheeting is in proximity to an outdoor worker. The experimental method of this study leads to discussion of how metal surfaces used in the construction industry physically reflect UV radiation. The conclusion is that albedo, which is traditionally used to measure UV reflection, is not an appropriate quantity to explore UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces. This may be due to the reason that metal surfaces seem to involve specular reflection as well as diffuse reflection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the influence of UV reflection from vertical metal surfaces on humans

Turner

Parisi

2009

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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“…The specifics of the spectroradiometer have been described previously. 30 The spectroradiometer makes global scans every ten minutes from 5.00 am to 7.00 pm every day. The change in optical density of the dosimeters is determined by measuring the absorbance of each dosimeter pre and post exposure using a spectrophotometer (UV-1601, Shimadzu & Co, Kyoto, Japan) with an error of ±0.004%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of reflected UV irradiance on occupational exposure from combinations of reflective wall surfaces

Turner

Parisi

2013

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Outdoor workers who occupationally spend large periods of time exposed to ultraviolet irradiance are at increased risk of developing certain types of non-melanoma skin cancer in addition to being prone to erythema and eye damage. UV exposure to workers is affected by a number of factors including geographic location, season, individual biological factors and the local surroundings. Urban environments can provide surrounds that contain surfaces that reflect UV radiation which can enhance UV exposure to construction workers, in both the vertical as well as horizontal plane. However it was unknown how different constructed configurations of the surfaces may additionally influence UV exposure for a worker, such as corners opposed to walls. This study shows that for highly UV reflective surfaces the influence on erythemal UV exposure is approximately the same regardless of constructive type, but there is statistically significant difference observed for lower UV reflecting surfaces in conjunction with constructive type. This is comparable to influence of body site on relative UV exposure, and together may provide a method that may assist in reduction in UV exposures. Regression analysis provides a more effective means to determine a UV reflective factor for a surface type, than previously used averaging methods. Additionally, this knowledge may be used by workers, workplaces and advisory bodies to assist with developing further protective strategies that aim to provide more moderate UV exposures to outdoor workers.

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“…The spectroradiometer (model DTM300, Bentham Instruments, Reading, UK) is based on a double grating monochromator with a pair of holographic gratings with 2400 lines/mm. The instrument has been described elsewhere (Parisi and Downs 2004). Briefly, the instrument is installed in an air-tight container and scans the UV spectrum on a horizontal plane every five minutes from 280 to 400 nm at each 0.5 nm with a bandwidth of 0.5 nm.…”

Section: Uv Irradiancesmentioning

confidence: 99%