Cloud Microphysics and Climate

Baker, M.

doi:10.1126/science.276.5315.1072

Cited by 311 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Rainfall produced in such a way (referred to as 'warm rain', in contrast to precipitation formed by ice processes) accounts for about 30% of the total rainfall on the planet and roughly 70% of the total rain area in the tropics (Lau and Wu, 2003). In general, global radiative and hydrological fluxes are strongly linked to microphysical processes in clouds (Baker, 1997) which determine, among other things, the number concentration and size distribution of cloud droplets. Representation of cloud microphysical processes is a source of significant uncertainty in numerical weather prediction and climate models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of air turbulence in warm rain initiation

Wang

Grabowski

2009

Atmospheric Science Letters

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Quantitative parameterization of turbulent collision of cloud droplets represents a major unsolved problem in cloud physics. Here a hybrid direct simulation tool is used specifically to quantify the turbulent enhancement of the gravitational collision-coalescence. Simulation results show that air turbulence can enhance the collision kernel by an average factor of about 2, and the observed trends are supported by scaling arguments. An impact study using the most realistic collection kernel suggests that cloud turbulence can significantly reduce the time for warm rain initiation. Areas for further development of the hybrid simulation and the impact study are indicated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of air turbulence in warm rain initiation

Wang

Grabowski

2009

Atmospheric Science Letters

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“…Many cloud processes, however, are not well understood, in particular, the role of ice nucleating aerosol particles (IN, or ice forming nuclei, IFN) for ice formation. It is known that water clouds, ice clouds and mixed phase clouds have substantially different microphysical and radiative properties [ Curry et al, 1996;Fowler and Randall, 1996;Baker, 1997]. It is likely that the abundance and characteristics of ice nuclei can influence the concentration, shape and phase of cloud particles, the size and persistence of clouds, precipitation efficiency, and radiative exchange processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne measurements of tropospheric ice‐nucleating aerosol particles in the Arctic spring

Rogers¹,

DeMott²,

Kreidenweis³

2001

J. Geophys. Res.

139

141

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“…5,6 In atmospheric chemistry and physics, ice nucleation initiated by airborne particles governs the formation and microphysical properties of ice and mixed phase clouds. [7][8][9][10] However, the description of the physicochemical characteristics of particles which control the formation of atmospheric ice crystals is insufficient for the predictive understanding of their impacts on cloud formation, cloud life cycle, and thus, climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

Wang

Knopf

China

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The work presents microscopic observations of heterogeneous ice nucleation from experiments conducted inside an environmental scanning electron microscope. Observations of ice formation on kaolinite particles demonstrate that ice preferentially nucleates at the edges of the stacked platelets, rather than on the basal planes. This platform is applied for directly detecting and tracking ice nucleating particles in ambient aerosol samples and is complemented by micro-spectroscopic chemical imaging. This technique opens a path to new physical chemistry studies of ice formation in atmospheric science, cryobiology, and material science.www.rsc.org/pccp Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a physical chemistry process of critical relevance to a range of topics in the fundamental and applied sciences and technologies. Heterogeneous ice nucleation remains insufficiently understood, partially due to the lack of experimental methods capable of obtaining in situ microscopic details of ice formation over nucleating substrates or particles. We present microscopic observations of ice nucleation events on kaolinite particles at the nanoscale and demonstrate the capability of direct tracking and micro-spectroscopic characterization of individual ice nucleating particles (INPs) in an authentic atmospheric sample. This approach utilizes a custom-built ice nucleation cell, interfaced with an Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (IN-ESEM platform) operated at temperatures and relative humidities relevant for heterogeneous ice nucleation. The IN-ESEM platform allows dynamic observations of individual ice formation events over particles in isobaric and isothermal experiments. Isothermal experiments on individual kaolinite particles demonstrate that ice crystals preferably nucleate at the edges of the stacked kaolinite platelets, rather than on their basal planes.These experimental observations of the location of ice nucleation provide direct information for further theoretical chemistry predictions of ice formation on kaolinite.

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Cloud Microphysics and Climate

Cited by 311 publications

References 85 publications

The role of air turbulence in warm rain initiation

The role of air turbulence in warm rain initiation

Airborne measurements of tropospheric ice‐nucleating aerosol particles in the Arctic spring

Direct observation of ice nucleation events on individual atmospheric particles

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