Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) in poultry feed

Dietary Supplementation with Eugenol Nanoemulsion Alleviates the Negative Effects of Experimental Coccidiosis on Broiler Chicken’s Health and Growth Performance

“…Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the PFAs that has received much attention in poultry farming [12,13], particularly in the form of essential oil [12,14]. The major component of clove essential oil (CEO) is the phenolic compound eugenol (EUG; 4-allyl-2-metthoxyphenol) (75-95%), which is responsible for most of CEO's bioactivities [15].…”

“…The second major active component of CEO could be either β-caryophyllene or eugenol acetate, depending on the specific plant parts (buds, leaves, or stems) from which the oil is extracted [15]. Both CEO and EUG are known to possess, among others, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties [12,[16][17][18]; moreover, they have been shown to act as appetite and digestion stimulants, as well as to positively influence intestinal microflora and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and immune functions in poultry [12,16,18,19]. These biological activities likely account for the efficacy that dietary supplementation with either CEO or EUG has shown in enhancing broiler growth performance under normal conditions (i.e., in the absence of any stressors) [12,19,20], as well as in protecting broilers' productivity and health against the negative effects of stressors such as heat stress [16] and intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium [17].…”

“…Both CEO and EUG are known to possess, among others, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties [12,[16][17][18]; moreover, they have been shown to act as appetite and digestion stimulants, as well as to positively influence intestinal microflora and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity and immune functions in poultry [12,16,18,19]. These biological activities likely account for the efficacy that dietary supplementation with either CEO or EUG has shown in enhancing broiler growth performance under normal conditions (i.e., in the absence of any stressors) [12,19,20], as well as in protecting broilers' productivity and health against the negative effects of stressors such as heat stress [16] and intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium [17]. In addition, it has been recently reported that in-feed supplementation with EUG formulated as nanoemulsion was able to improve growth performance parameters of broiler chickens even under the challenge of an infection with an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain [18].…”