Clozapine, Chlorpromazine, and Placebo in Newly Hospitalized, Acutely Schizophrenic Patients

Shopsin, Baron

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780060047005

Cited by 142 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In 11 studies (Leon 1974, 83 Gerlach 1974, 84 Gerlach 1975, 85 Honigfeld 1984, 88 Erlandsen 1981, 93 Ciurezu 1976, 94 Shopsin 1979, 96 Kane 1988, 99 Gordon 1996, 104 Rosenheck 1997, 105 Breier 1999 112 ), ITT analysis was undertaken in terms of both efficacy and side-effects. The method using 'last observation carried forward' was declared in three studies , 113 Beasley 1999, 77 Bondolfi 1998 110 ).…”

Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

Bagnall

Jones

Ginnelly

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

151

114

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Non-UK purchasers will have to pay a small fee for post and packing. For European countries the cost is £2 per monograph and for the rest of the world £3 per monograph.You can order HTA monographs from our Despatch Agents:-fax (with credit card or official purchase order) -post (with credit card or official purchase order or cheque) -phone during office hours (credit card only).Additionally the HTA website allows you either to pay securely by credit card or to print out your order and then post or fax it. Contact Payment methods Paying by chequeIf you pay by cheque, the cheque must be in pounds sterling, made payable to Direct Mail Works Ltd and drawn on a bank with a UK address. Paying by credit cardThe following cards are accepted by phone, fax, post or via the website ordering pages: Delta, Eurocard, Mastercard, Solo, Switch and Visa. We advise against sending credit card details in a plain email. Paying by official purchase orderYou can post or fax these, but they must be from public bodies (i.e. NHS or universities) within the UK. We cannot at present accept purchase orders from commercial companies or from outside the UK. How do I get a copy of HTA on CD?Please use the form on the HTA website (www.hta.ac.uk/htacd.htm). Or contact Direct Mail Works (see contact details above) by email, post, fax or phone. HTA on CD is currently free of charge worldwide.The website also provides information about the HTA Programme and lists the membership of the various committees. HTAA systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia NHS R&D HTA ProgrammeT he NHS R&D Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme was set up in 1993 to ensure that high-quality research information on the costs, effectiveness and broader impact of health technologies is produced in the most efficient way for those who use, manage and provide care in the NHS.The research reported in this monograph was commissioned by the HTA Programme on behalf of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Technology assessment reports are completed in a limited time to inform the appraisal and guidance development processes managed by NICE. The review brings together evidence on key aspects of the use of the technology concerned. However, appraisals and guidance produced by NICE are informed by a wide range of sources.The research reported in this monograph was funded as project number 00/20/01.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the HTA Programme, NICE or the Department of Health. The editors wish to emphasise that funding and publication of this research by the NHS should not be taken as implicit support for any recommendations made by the authors. Criteria for inclusion in the HTA monograph seriesReports are published in the HTA monograph series if (1) they have resulted from work commissioned for the HTA Programme, and (2) they are of a sufficiently high scientific quality as assessed by the referees and editors.Reviews in Health Technology Assessment are termed 'syst...

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Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rosenheck 1997, 105 Shopsin 1979 96 and Gelenberg 1979 97 all had attrition rates greater than 50% and data from all outcomes except 'leaving study early' were not entered into the analysis.…”

Section: Quality Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

Bagnall

Jones

Ginnelly

et al. 2003

Health Technol Assess

151

114

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The strongest evidence lies in prospective reports, including randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, studies (74,86,87). In a combined retrospective-prospective study, schizophrenia patients on long-term clozapine monotherapy (n = 100) were retrospectively matched with patients who received perphenazine, flupenthixol, or zuclopenthixol and were prospectively evaluated for movement disorders (86).…”

Section: Switching To Clozapinementioning

confidence: 99%

Tardive Dyskinesia in the Era of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics. Part 2: Incidence and Management Strategies in Patients with Schizophrenia

et al. 2005

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Objective: Tardive dyskinesia (TD), the principal adverse effect of long-term conventional antipsychotic treatment, can be debilitating and, in many cases, persistent. We sought to explore the incidence and management of TD in the era of atypical antipsychotics because it remains an important iatrogenic adverse effect. Methods:We conducted a review of TD incidence and management literature from January 1, 1965, to January 31, 2004, using the terms tardive dyskinesia, management, therapy, neuroleptics, antipsychotics, clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole. Additional articles were obtained by searching the bibliographies of relevant references. We considered articles that contributed to the current understanding of both the incidence of TD with atypical antipsychotics and management strategies for TD. Results:The incidence of TD is significantly lower with atypical, compared with typical, antipsychotics, but cases of de novo TD have been identified. Evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotic therapy ameliorates long-standing TD. This paper outlines management strategies for TD in patients with schizophrenia.

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“…Due to the high liability for EPS induction the search for better antipsychotics continued. The introduction of clozapine was a large stepforward in achieving this goal [9,17,29,49,94,111,142] and mesolimbic hyperactivity could be reduced without inducing EPS. Clozapine, and other so-called atypical antipsychotics known as such for their low propensity to induce EPS [31, 67,150], has a much lower tendency to induce EPS compared to the older, classical antipsychotic drugs [149].…”

Section: Fig (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Midbrain Dopamine Neurotransmission by Serotonin, a Versatile Interaction Between Neurotransmitters and Significance for Antipsychotic Drug Action

Olijslagers

Werkman²,

Mccreary³

et al. 2006

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Schizophrenia has been associated with a dysfunction of brain dopamine (DA). This, so called, DA hypothesis has been refined as new insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have emerged. Currently, dysfunction of prefrontocortical glutamatergic and GABAergic projections and dysfunction of serotonin (5-HT) systems are also thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Refinements of the DA hypothesis have lead to the emergence of new pharmacological targets for antipsychotic drug development. It was shown that effective antipsychotic drugs with a low liability for inducing extra-pyramidal side-effects have affinities for a range of neurotransmitter receptors in addition to DA receptors, suggesting that a combination of neurotransmitter receptor affinities may be favorable for treatment outcome.This review focuses on the interaction between DA and 5-HT, as most antipsychotics display affinity for 5-HT receptors. We will discuss DA/5-HT interactions at the level of receptors and G protein-coupled potassium channels and consequences for induction of depolarization blockade with specific attention to DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra zona compacta (SN), neurons implicated in treatment efficacy and the side-effects of schizophrenia, respectively. Moreover, it has been reported that electrophysiological interactions between DA and 5-HT show subtle, but important, differences between the SN and the VTA which could explain (in part) the effectiveness and lower propensity to induce side-effects of the newer atypical antipsychotic drugs. In that respect the functional implications of DA/5-HT interactions for schizophrenia will be discussed.Key Words: Schizophrenia, antipsychotic drug, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area. DOPAMINE AND SCHIZOPHRENIAThe mesocortical pathway, the mesolimbic pathway, the nigrostriatal pathway and the tuberoinfundibular pathway have all been postulated to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the propensity of antipsychotic drugs to induce side-effects [144]. Hypofunction of the mesocortical pathway and hyperfunction of the mesolimbic pathway [44,55,144] are thought to be responsible for the symptoms that can be observed (see also Sesack and Carr, 2002 [138])) and points to one of the many difficulties for effective treatment: increasing dopamine (DA) activity in the mesocortical pathway, while concomitantly decreasing DA activity in the mesolimbic pathway. The nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular pathways are involved in side-effects of antipsychotic drug treatment, such as extra-pyramidal side effects and hyperprolactinemia, respectively [10, 30] which are related to changes in firing activity of neurons in these pathways, especially the DA neurons. What lies at the root of this mesocortical mesolimbic dysfunction is unclear but loss of cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, hypoglutamatergia or "miswiring" of glutamatergic and _-amino butyric acid (GABA)-ergic projections from the prefrontal...

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Clozapine, Chlorpromazine, and Placebo in Newly Hospitalized, Acutely Schizophrenic Patients

Cited by 142 publications

References 16 publications

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia

Tardive Dyskinesia in the Era of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics. Part 2: Incidence and Management Strategies in Patients with Schizophrenia

Modulation of Midbrain Dopamine Neurotransmission by Serotonin, a Versatile Interaction Between Neurotransmitters and Significance for Antipsychotic Drug Action

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