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AbstractWe investigate heterogeneity and spillovers in macro-financial linkages across developed economies, with a particular emphasis in the most recent recession. A panel Bayesian VAR model including real and financial variables identifies a statistically significant common component, which turns out to be very significant during the most recent recession. Nevertheless, countryspecific factors remain important, which explains the heterogeneous behaviour across countries observed over time. Moreover, spillovers across countries and between real and financial variables are found to matter: A shock to a variable in a given country affects all other countries, and the transmission seems to be faster and deeper between financial variables than between real variables. Finally, shocks spill over in a heterogeneous way across countries.JEL classification: C11, C33, E32, F44 Key words: Financial crisis, Macro-financial linkages, panel VAR models 1
Non-technical summaryThere are many channels through which macroeconomic and financial linkages can arise. For instance, a deterioration of financial conditions will affect the economy through a negative wealth effect on consumption and investment decisions, or through credit rationing given the difficulty to identify solvent borrowers. On the other hand, an economic downturn can affect the valuation of financial assets, since the present value of future cash flows decreases. The final effect on the economy depends not only on agents' behavior but also on the institutional framework they operate in, both of which vary across countries and over time.This paper addresses the topic of heterogeneous macro-financial linkages across countries and over time and quantifies the importance of country spillovers from real and financial shocks. We analyze the evolution and heterogeneity in macro-financial linkages and international spillovers over the last three decades for some developed economies in a unified framework. We build a time-varying panel VAR model where real and financial variables are jointly modelled for a set of countries including the G7 and other relevant European economies. Of a total of 10 countries, 7 belong to the European Union and of those, 5 are euro area members. Although tight institutional and economic interdependencies may have made euro area countries more alike, the recent recession has shown that hand in hand with some common behavior, there may still be a s...