This paper is a brief introduction to idempotent and tropical mathematics. Tropical mathematics can be treated as a result of the so-called Maslov dequantization of the traditional mathematics over numerical fields as the Planck constant tends to zero taking imaginary values.This paper is a brief introduction, practically without exact theorems and proofs, to the Maslov dequantization and idempotent and tropical mathematics. Our list of references is not complete (not at all). Additional references can be found, e.g., in the electronic archive http://arXiv.org