Cluster analysis of polyisoprenoid in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves in different land-uses to find the possible cause of yield gap from planting materials

Abstract. Purba A, Hayati R, Putri LAP, Chalil D, Afandi D, Syahputra I, Basyuni M. 2020. Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops. Biodiversitas 21: 451-456. Oil palm is an economically important plant, which one of the most important sources of vegetable oil in the world. However, oil palm plantation and other crops face the treat basal stem rot (BSR) disease by Ganoderma boninense. A study on genetic diversity and structure of G. boninense is therefore needed in order to formulate improved control strategies for this disease. This work aimed to analyze the genetic diversity and structure of the G. boninense isolates derived from different hosts, 131 oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), six rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), three coconuts (Cocos nucifera), and three lontar palm (Borassus flabellifer). Genetic diversity and population structure of G. boninense isolates were investigated using six SSR markers with GenAlex 6.502 software. Results showed that several microsatellite loci indicated specific primary success rates, such as KT124402, KT124399, and KT124394, depicting high polymorphism content (>75%). This result suggested that these markers were equally effective in determining the polymorphisms of G. boninense isolates. A hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic diversity mostly found among individuals within a population (88%), then among populations (8%), and within individuals (4%).. Phylogeny analysis showed two clusters of Ganoderma isolates. which was considered variation as dissimilar across with origin. The present study indicated that G. boninense from oil palm was predominantly comprised of a genetically distinct individual.

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“…Forward, they were analyzed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) by MVSP ver. 3.22 software (Basyuni et al 2018).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops

et al. 2020

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“…Cluster analysis was carried out on selected subsets of all parameter data comprising of 23 variables, together with polyprenols and dolichols from 32 treatments. The datawere log (10) transformed as previously reported (Basyuni et al 2018b). Cluster analysis also was performed on each treatment to grouping the oil palm tolerance.…”

Section: Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyprenolsare primarily associated with photosynthetic tissues (Brasher et al 2015;Basyuni et al 2016Basyuni et al , 2017aBasyuni et al ,b, 2108a. Polyprenols in oil palm leaf tissue occur in C45-C65 and C90-C105length chain, while dolicholsoccur in C85-C105 (Arifiyanto 2017;Basyuni et al 2018b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been reported that the profile and occurrence of polyisoprenoids can be used as chemotaxonomic markers (Sun et al 2010;Basyuni et al 2016Basyuni et al , 2017bBasyuni et al , 2018bArifiyanto et al 2017). These results provide an opportunity to get more insightinto the effect of the differences of polyisoprenoid expression on the level of resistance of plants to different pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection

et al. 2018

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Afandi D, Basyuni M, Putri LAP, Chalil D, Syahputra I. 2019. Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection. Biodiversitas 20: 68-76. Currently, oil palm is an important economic crop and has become one of the world's major vegetable oils as well as a potential source of biodiesel. Unfortunately, oil palm plantations in Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia face the threat of basal stem root diseases caused by Ganoderma sp. Various methods and approaches have been made to select the oil palm that is tolerant to Ganoderma boninense, among others using biochemical selection. This research aimed to analyze polyisoprenoids expressionof oil palm tolerant to G. boninense using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (2D-TLC). The plant material used in this trial weretwo cross-series of genetic materials belonging to PT Socfindo, that were known to have certain levelsof tolerance to G. boninense. The first wasa cross-series of 15-year-old oil palm in the field, and the secondwasa new cross-series for an early detection in the nursery stage. The results showed that there werediversitiesin the expression of polyisoprenoids between tissues, treatments, and level of tolerance. Polyprenols with a chain length of C45-C65 and dolichols of C45-C55were detected in the leaf tissue but not found in the root tissue. Polyprenols with a carbon chain length of C80-C100 occurred in infected palm root tissue but did not in the healthy oil palm. The increase of polyisoprenoid (polyprenol and dolichol) in infected and inoculated root tissues it is presumablydue to the plant biochemical response to the presence of G. boninense attack. Cluster analysis demonstrated distinct groups of polyisoprenoid carbon-chains betweenroot and leaf tissues of oil palm mature and seedling. Interestingly, in the absence of G. boninense infection, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern in the tolerant oil palm seedlingroot tissue is different from that in the susceptible seedlings. Thus, the polyisoprenoid carbon chain pattern can be considered as a potential biochemical marker for the screening of oil palm tolerance to G. boninense.

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“…Another reason is the lack of knowledge among smallholders, which presumed that all Tenera trees will always produce Tenera FFB [8] [9]. In fact, the crossed of these seeds will produce around 25% Dura 50% Tenera, and 25% Pisifera [6][10] [11]. Unfortunately, smallholders can only detect Dura from the FFB, which first harvest is 3 until 4 years after the planting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallholders’ willingness to pay for dura marking oil palm seeds

et al. 2018

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In 2018, around 4 million ha of oil palm smallholdings need to be replanted. Indonesia could utilize this moment to improve smallholdings’ productivity by ensuring the usage of good quality seeds. For the industry, Dura is considered as bad seeds as its thick shells can damage the machine and the oil content is low. Therefore, most mills do not want to buy it, hence the selling price is low. In fact, most smallholdings’ use uncertified seedlings that include many contaminated Dura. Unfortunately, smallholders can only detect this 3 years after the planting and spending a considerable amount of production costs. Actually, to avoid the unnecessary loss a Dura marking technique can be applied to the oil palm seeds. However, most smallholders are unlikely consider Dura usage as an important issue due to the higher weight and higher sales revenue. This study is conducted to analyse smallholders’ willingness to pay (WTP) for seed marking service. Data is collected from 60 independent smallholders in Labuhan Batu Utara, which mostly use the uncertified seedlings. The willingness to pay is measured with Conjectural Variations Approach, revealing 71% of the respondents are willing to pay the Dura seed marking service, although still with a minimum level of WTP. Pearson Chi Square Correlation Test shows that the WTP for Dura Marking Service is only significantly correlated with the smallholders’ knowledge and perception, but not with their land size and experience. Based on the results, a number of policy implication are included.

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Cluster analysis of polyisoprenoid in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaves in different land-uses to find the possible cause of yield gap from planting materials

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops

Genetic diversity and structure of Ganoderma boninense isolates from oil palm and other plantation crops

Expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) polyisoprenoids in response to Ganoderma boninense infection

Smallholders’ willingness to pay for dura marking oil palm seeds

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