Abstract. The blind signal separation problem (BSS) which involved linear mixing model and stationary source signals is focused in this paper. In the past, the neural network (NN) model is the popular architecture for separation, but its performance depends on initiation of weight strongly. In order to improve this problem to enhance global convergent, the genetic algorithm (GA) has been introduced for optimizing the weights of NN system recently. This paper, a novel evolution algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is introduced to optimize NN weights by us. Further, in simulation experiments of BSS, it is demonstrated that the PSO-based NN system has better performance in terms of global searching, computational time, accuracy and efficiency than the GA-based NN system.