Cluster Based Controlling of Route Exploring Packets in Ad-Hoc Networks

An Overview of Query-Broadcasting Techniques in Ad Hoc Networks

“…It employs proactive approach within the proximity of the node and reactive approach between the proximity of nodes. Some examples are ZRP, IZRP, TZRP, AntHocNet, and HOPNET [10] and cluster-based routing protocols such as DWCA, DMAC, LEACH, and DTMNS [11].…”

“…The drawback of BERS+ is that its broadcast termination is source initiated causing additional latency in the processing of control packets. However, BCIR, BCIR*, tBERS, and tBERS* apply destination-initiated broadcast termination approach offering higher retransmission efficiency over BERS, BERS*, and BERS+ [3,6,11,14]. Large enough area of the network to find the route; usually depends on the routing history and location as well, e.g., QLT, LAR, and DREAM Small enough area of the network which depends on the predefined timeto-live (TTL) count…”

State-of-the-Art Clustering Schemes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Objectives, Challenges, and Future Directions

“…MANETs can be classified based on a mobility model such as group mobility [51], [56], [59], [60], regular mobility [46] and random mobility [25], [28], [29], [31], [34], [35], [39], [40], [42], [44], [45], [48], [50], [52], [53], [55], [58], [61]- [64]. The nature of events that take place in MANETs has a very strong impact on clustering process and the clustering process can be classified into proactive clustering [25], [26], [28], [29], [32], [43], [46], [48], [50], [52]- [55], [58]- [63], [65], reactive clustering [31], [36], [37], [40], [42], [47], [49], [51], [56], [57],…”

“…Similarly the nodes of the network can be grouped based on the size of the cluster such as fixed [46], [59], balanced [30]- [32], [37], [57], unbalanced [55] and dynamic or random partition [29], [34]- [36], [39], [40], [42], [45], [53], [54], [64]. In cluster based routing, each cluster may have a CH so the cluster based routing can be classified based on availability of CHs [25], [26], [28]- [30], [32]- [43], [45]- [57], [59]- [61], [64] and the CHs criteria not defined or having no CHs [27], [31], [44], [62], [63], [65], [66]. Clustering can be classified based on CH selection criteria such as node degree [29], [32], [40], [42], [43], [45], [46], [50], [51], [53], [55]- ...…”

“…In cluster based routing, each cluster may have a CH so the cluster based routing can be classified based on availability of CHs [25], [26], [28]- [30], [32]- [43], [45]- [57], [59]- [61], [64] and the CHs criteria not defined or having no CHs [27], [31], [44], [62], [63], [65], [66]. Clustering can be classified based on CH selection criteria such as node degree [29], [32], [40], [42], [43], [45], [46], [50], [51], [53], [55]- [57], [61], remaining energy [26], [32], [37], [43], [47], [49]- [54], [61], [64], trust value [53], [64], mobility [26], [34], [42], [43], [46], [47],…”